Conflict actors influence the dynamics of agropastoral policies to accommodate their preferences and expectations in Ghana

Lawrence Kwabena Brobbey; Frank Kwaku Agyei; Paul Osei-Tutu; Boateng Kyereh

doi:10.1071/RJ23042

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Previous Contents Vol 45(5)

Conflict actors influence the dynamics of agropastoral policies to accommodate their preferences and expectations in Ghana

Lawrence Kwabena Brobbey

^A ^* , Frank Kwaku Agyei ^A , Paul Osei-Tutu ^B and Boateng Kyereh ^A

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Department of Silviculture and Forest Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

^B Department of Forest Resources Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

^* Correspondence to: lawrence.brobbey@knust.edu.gh

The Rangeland Journal 45(5) 187-201 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ23042

Submitted: 9 October 2023 Accepted: 22 February 2024 Published: 25 March 2024

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Australian Rangeland Society. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

In many sub-Saharan African countries, numerous studies ascribe biases and inconsistencies in agropastoral policies to the perennial farmer–herder conflicts. However, insights into the assumptions underlying agropastoral policies and the strategies that actors involved in the conflict use to influence these policies are limited in countries with high incidence of such conflicts. We engaged the ‘act of governmentality’ (ways of governing) to examine how agropastoral policies in Ghana from colonial to contemporary times have influenced farmer–herder conflicts, and examined the strategies used by key conflict actors to influence the agropastoral policy process. Data were collected through documentary review, interviews, focus group discussions and facilitated workshops with a range of conflict actors such as farmers, pastoralists, chiefs, farmer and herder associations, and public officials. Our analyses indicated that whereas the colonial administration facilitated cattle ranching among natives of the Gold Coast, the postcolonial administration changed the approach by adopting a seemingly hostile strategy that largely neglected pastoralism for almost five decades. The state now favours sedentarisation, an approach that has been rebuffed by many farmers, farming communities, and some pastoralists. Policy inconsistencies have created tensions and a dynamic struggle across spatial scales, with each actor coalition employing diverse strategies to influence agropastoral policies to accommodate their preferences and expectations. The outcome of each policy cycle became an input for further contestation in a resource-depleting process that failed to produce equitable outcomes. Achieving a sustainable negotiated solution requires moving beyond the current segmentation towards well-structured and inclusive multi-stakeholder dialogue that allows for proper consideration of all actors’ concerns.

Keywords: environmental governance, farm–herder conflicts, Ghana, multiple governmentalities, normadic herdsmen, pastoralism, public policy, rangeland governance.

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