Challenges, solutions and research priorities for sustainable rangelands
Uffe N. Nielsen
A U , Mark Stafford-Smith B , Graciela I. Metternicht C , Andrew Ash D , Alex Baumber E , Matthias M. Boer A , Sandy Booth F , Don Burnside G , Amber C. Churchill A , Marwan El Hassan H , Margaret H. Friedel I , Cecile M. Godde J , Dana Kelly K , Mick Kelly L , John F. Leys H M , Sarah E. McDonald N , Yiheyis T. Maru B , David G. Phelps O , Malcolm Ridges P Q , Geoff Simpson R , Barry Traill S , Brian Walker B , Cathleen M. Waters N and Angus W. Whyte T
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
B CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
C PANGEA Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
D A.J. Ash and Associates, The Gap, QLD 4061, Australia.
E Faculty of Transdisciplinary Innovation, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
F Previously Department of Planning, Industry and Environment.
G D.G. Burnside and Associates, Mount Lawley, WA 6050, Australia.
H Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
I Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Alice Springs, NT 0870, Australia; formerly CSIRO Land and Water.
J CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
K Dana Kelly Consulting, Toowoomba, Qld 4350; formerly International Water Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
L NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Buronga, NSW 2739, Australia.
M NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Gunnedah, NSW 2380, Australia.
N Trangie Agricultural Research Centre, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Trangie, NSW 2823, Australia.
O Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Longreach, Qld 4730, Australia.
P NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
Q University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
R NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
S Outback to Oceans Program, Pew Charitable Trusts, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
T Wyndham Station, Via Wentworth, NSW 2648, Australia.
U Corresponding author. Email: U.Nielsen@westernsydney.edu.au
The Rangeland Journal 42(5) 359-373 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ20059
Submitted: 17 June 2020 Accepted: 8 September 2020 Published: 12 November 2020
Journal Compilation © Australian Rangeland Society 2020 Open Access CC BY-NC
Abstract
Australia’s rangeland communities, industries, and environment are under increasing pressures from anthropogenic activities and global changes more broadly. We conducted a horizon scan to identify and prioritise key challenges facing Australian rangelands and their communities, and outline possible avenues to address these challenges, with a particular focus on research priorities. We surveyed participants of the Australian Rangeland Society 20th Biennial Conference, held in Canberra in September 2019, before the conference and in interactive workshops during the conference, in order to identify key challenges, potential solutions, and research priorities. The feedback was broadly grouped into six themes associated with supporting local communities, managing natural capital, climate variability and change, traditional knowledge, governance, and research and development. Each theme had several sub-themes and potential solutions to ensure positive, long-term outcomes for the rangelands. The survey responses made it clear that supporting ‘resilient and sustainable rangelands that provide cultural, societal, environmental and economic outcomes simultaneously’ is of great value to stakeholders. The synthesis of survey responses combined with expert knowledge highlighted that sustaining local communities in the long term will require that the inherent social, cultural and natural capital of rangelands are managed sustainably, particularly in light of current and projected variability in climate. Establishment of guidelines and approaches to address these challenges will benefit from: (i) an increased recognition of the value and contributions of traditional knowledge and practices; (ii) development of better governance that is guided by and benefits local stakeholders; and (iii) more funding to conduct and implement strong research and development activities, with research focused on addressing critical knowledge gaps as identified by the local stakeholders. This requires strong governance with legislation and policies that work for the rangelands. We provide a framework that indicates the key knowledge gaps and how innovations may be implemented and scaled out, up and deep to achieve the resilience of Australia’s rangelands. The same principles could be adapted to address challenges in rangelands on other continents, with similar beneficial outcomes.
Keywords: dryland, horizon scan, legislation, natural capital, resilience, social capital.
References
Abel, N., Cumming, D. H. M., and Anderies, J. M. (2006). Collapse and reorganization in social-ecological systems: questions, some ideas, and policy implications. Ecology and Society 11, art17.| Collapse and reorganization in social-ecological systems: questions, some ideas, and policy implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Alemseged, Y., and Hacker, R. B. (2014). Introduction of Dorper sheep into Australian rangelands: implications for production and natural resource management. The Rangeland Journal 36, 85–90.
| Introduction of Dorper sheep into Australian rangelands: implications for production and natural resource management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Andrews, K. (2017). Multi-level governance in the Lake Eyre Basin: meeting in the middle? In: ‘Multi-level Governance: Conceptual Challenges and Case Studies from Australia’. (Eds K. A. Daniell and A. Kay.) pp. 305–324. (ANU Press: Canberra.) Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1zgwjv0.18 (accessed 9 May 2020).
ARS (2019). Home page. Australian Rangelands Society. Available at: https://www.austrangesoc.com.au/ (accessed 19 July 2019).
Ash, A., Thornton, P., Stokes, C., and Togtohyn, C. (2012). Is proactive adaptation to climate change necessary in grazed rangelands? Rangeland Ecology and Management 65, 563–568.
| Is proactive adaptation to climate change necessary in grazed rangelands?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Australian Government (2020). Farm Management Deposits Scheme. Business, Australian Government, Canberra. Available at: https://www.business.gov.au/assistance/farm-management-deposits-scheme (accessed 22 August 2020).
Bai, Z. G., Dent, D. L., Olsson, L., and Schaepman, M. E. (2008). Proxy global assessment of land degradation. Soil Use and Management 24, 223–234.
| Proxy global assessment of land degradation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bartlett, C., Marshall, M., and Marshall, A. (2012). Two-Eyed Seeing and other lessons learned within a co-learning journey of bringing together Indigenous and mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 2, 331–340.
| Two-Eyed Seeing and other lessons learned within a co-learning journey of bringing together Indigenous and mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bastin, G. (2008). Rangelands 2008: taking the pulse. National Land & Water Resources Audit, Australian Government, Canberra. Available at: http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/a8015c25-4aa2-4833-ad9c-e98d09e2ab52/files/rangelands08-pulse.pdf (accessed 16 June 2020).
Baumber, A., Waters, C., Cross, R., Metternicht, G., and Simpson, M. (2020). Carbon farming for resilient rangelands: people, paddocks and policy. The Rangeland Journal 42, .
Berry, E., and Metternicht, G. (2017). The climate has always been changing: perspectives of climate change in far west NSW. In: ‘Transitions to transformation. Proceedings of the 19th Australian Rangeland Society Biennial Conference’. Port Augusta, S. Aust. (Australian Rangeland Society: Parkside, S. Aust.) Available at: https://www.austrangesoc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Berry_et_al_Paper_75.pdf
Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., and Schoon, M. L. (Eds) (2015). ‘Principles for Building Resilience. Sustaining Ecosystem Services in Social-ecological Systems.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK.)
Botterill, L. C., Chapman, B., and Kelly, S. (2017). Revisiting revenue contingent loans for drought relief: government as risk manager. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 61, 367–384.
| Revisiting revenue contingent loans for drought relief: government as risk manager.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Branson, L. (2020). The coronavirus disrupts supply chains, ratcheting up the pressure on global businesses as the US-China trade tension cools. PwC Australia. Available at: https://www.pwc.com.au/trade/coronavirus-disrupts-supply-chains.html (accessed 6 June 2020).
Buxton, R., and Stafford Smith, M. (1996). Managing drought in Australia’s rangelands: four weddings and a funeral. The Rangeland Journal 18, 292–308.
| Managing drought in Australia’s rangelands: four weddings and a funeral.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cherlet, M., Hutchinson, C., Reynolds, J., Hill, J., Sommer, S., and von Maltitz, G. (Eds) (2018). ‘World Atlas of Desertification.’ (Publication Office of the European Union: Luxembourg.)
Cobon, D. H., Stone, G. S., Carter, J. O., Scanlan, J. C., Toombs, N. R., Zhang, X., Willcocks, J., and McKeon, G. M. (2009). The climate change risk management matrix for the grazing industry of northern Australia. The Rangeland Journal 31, 31–49.
| The climate change risk management matrix for the grazing industry of northern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cowie, A. L., Waters, C. M., Garland, F., Orgill, S. E., Baumber, A., Cross, R., O’Connell, D., and Metternicht, G. (2019). Assessing resilience to underpin implementation of Land Degradation Neutrality: a case study in the rangelands of western New South Wales, Australia. Environmental Science & Policy 100, 37–46.
| Assessing resilience to underpin implementation of Land Degradation Neutrality: a case study in the rangelands of western New South Wales, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Crimp, S. J., Stokes, C. J., Howden, S. M., Moore, A. D., Jacobs, B., Brown, P. R., Ash, A. J., Kokic, P., and Leith, P. (2010). Managing Murray–Darling Basin livestock systems in a variable and changing climate: challenges and opportunities. The Rangeland Journal 32, 293–304.
| Managing Murray–Darling Basin livestock systems in a variable and changing climate: challenges and opportunities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dillon, M. C., and Westbury, N. D. (Eds) (2007). ‘Beyond Humbug: Transforming Government Engagement with Indigenous Australia.’ (Seaview Press: West Lakes, S. Aust.)
Dollery, B., Wallis, J., and Akimov, A. (2010). One size does not fit all: the special case of remote small Local Councils in Outback Queensland. Local Government Studies 36, 21–42.
| One size does not fit all: the special case of remote small Local Councils in Outback Queensland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
El Hassan, M. (2019). Goats, people and rangelands: Analysis of the rangeland goat industry as a complex social ecological system. PhD thesis, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. https://doi.org/10.25911/5d5148a962ef1
Ens, E. J., Pert, P., Clarke, P. A., Budden, M., Clubb, L., Doran, B., Douras, C., Gaikwad, J., Gott, B., Leonard, S., Locke, J., Packer, J., Turpin, G., and Wason, S. (2015). Indigenous biocultural knowledge in ecosystem science and management: review and insight from Australia. Biological Conservation 181, 133–149.
| Indigenous biocultural knowledge in ecosystem science and management: review and insight from Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fensham, R. J., and Fairfax, R. J. (2008). Water-remoteness for grazing relief in Australian arid-lands. Biological Conservation 141, 1447–1460.
| Water-remoteness for grazing relief in Australian arid-lands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fischer, J., Lindenmayer, D. B., and Manning, A. D. (2006). Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4, 80–86.
| Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fisher, A., Hunt, L., James, C., Landsberg, J., Phelps, D., Smyth, A., and Watson, I. (2004). ‘Review of Total Grazing Pressure Management Issues and Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation in Rangelands: A Resource to Aid NRM Planning.’ (Desert Knowledge CRC and Tropical Savannahs Management CRC: Alice Springs, NT.)
Foran, B., Stafford Smith, M., Burnside, D., Andrew, M., Blesing, D., Forrest, K., and Taylor, J. (2019). Australian rangeland futures: time now for systemic responses to interconnected challenges. The Rangeland Journal 41, 271–292.
| Australian rangeland futures: time now for systemic responses to interconnected challenges.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Godde, C. M., Boone, R. B., Ash, A. J., Waha, K., Sloat, L. L., Thornton, P. K., and Herrero, M. (2020). Global rangeland production systems and livelihoods at threat under climate change and variability. Environmental Research Letters 15, 044021.
| Global rangeland production systems and livelihoods at threat under climate change and variability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Goggin, C. L., Please, P. M., Ridges, M. J., Booth, C. A., Simpson, G. R., Green, R., and Leys, J. F. (2017). Connecting with Country in Mungo National Park, Australia: a case study to measure the emotional dimension of experience and place attachment. Local Environment 22, 1217–1236.
| Connecting with Country in Mungo National Park, Australia: a case study to measure the emotional dimension of experience and place attachment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Greenville, J., McGilvray, H., and Black, S. (2020). ‘Australian Agricultural Trade and the COVID-19 Pandemic.’ (Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Australian Government: Canberra.) Available at: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/publications/insights/australian-agricultural-trade-and-the-covid-19-pandemic#figure-3 (accessed 5 June 2020).
Hill, J. (2011). The Great Artesian Basin Sustainability Initiative: a decade of success and beyond. In: ‘Proceedings of the 34th World Congress of the International Association for Hydro-Environment Research and Engineering: 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering’. p. 2101. (Engineers Australia: Melbourne.)
Houghton, K. (2018). ‘Government that Works for the Bush: A Regional Regulatory Reform Agenda.’ (Regional Australia Institute: Canberra.) Available at: http://www.regionalaustralia.org.au/home/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2018_Final_Government-that-works-for-the-bush.pdf (accessed 28 September 2020)
Howden, S. M. (2017). Living with climate change. In: ‘Proceedings of the Australian Rangeland Society 19th Biennial Conference’. September 2017, Port Augusta, S. Aust. (Eds P. Erkelenz and M. Andrew.) (Australian Rangeland Society: Adelaide, S. Aust.)
Hughes, L., Rickards, L., Steffen, W., Stock, P., and Rice, M. (2016). ‘On the Frontline: Climate Change and Rural Communities.’ (Climate Council of Australia Ltd: Sydney.) Available at: https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/uploads/564abfd96ebac5cbc6cf45de2f17e12d.pdf (accessed 23 September 2020)
Hughes, N., Galeano, D., and Hatfield-Dodds, S. (2019). ‘The effects of drought and climate variability on Australian farms.’ (Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Australian Government: Canberra.) Available at: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/publications/insights/effects-of-drought-and-climate-variability-on-Australian-farms (accessed 23 September 2020)
Hunt, L. P., McIvor, J. G., Grice, A. C., and Bray, S. G. (2014). Principles and guidelines for managing cattle grazing in the grazing lands of northern Australia: stocking rates, pasture resting, prescribed fire, paddock size and water points: a review. The Rangeland Journal 36, 105–119.
| Principles and guidelines for managing cattle grazing in the grazing lands of northern Australia: stocking rates, pasture resting, prescribed fire, paddock size and water points: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
James, C. D., Landsberg, J., and Morton, S. R. (1999). Provision of watering points in the Australian arid zone: a review of effects on biota. Journal of Arid Environments 41, 87–121.
| Provision of watering points in the Australian arid zone: a review of effects on biota.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kelly, D., and Phelps, D. G. (2019). Looking beyond the D.U.S.T.: building resilient rangeland communities. The Rangeland Journal 41, 233–250.
| Looking beyond the D.U.S.T.: building resilient rangeland communities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
LEBCG (2000). ‘A Future for All: Strategic Plans for the Lake Eyre Basin.’ (Lake Eyre Basin Coordinating Group: Longreach, Qld.)
LEBMF (2017). Lake Eyre Basin: State of the Basin Condition Assessment 2016 Report. Lake Eyre Basin Ministerial Forum, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Australian Government, Canberra.
Leith, P., and Vanclay, F. (2017). Placing science for natural resource management and climate variability: lessons from narratives of risk, place and identity. Sociologia Ruralis 57, 155–170.
| Placing science for natural resource management and climate variability: lessons from narratives of risk, place and identity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Littleproud, D., and Pasin, T. (2019). $20m Basin research program increases security. Joint Media Release. Australian Government, Canberra. Available at: https://minister.agriculture.gov.au/littleproud/media-releases/20-million-basin-research-program-increases-security (accessed 23 September 2020).
Ludwig, J. A., Tongway, D. J., Freudenberger, D. O., Noble, J., Hodgkinson, K. C., Griffin, G. F., MacLeod, N. D., and Brown, J. R. (1997). ‘Landscape Ecology, Function and Management: Principles from Australia’s Rangelands’ (CSIRO: Melbourne, Vic.)
Marshall, N. A. (2015). Adaptive capacity on the northern Australian rangelands. The Rangeland Journal 37, 617–622.
| Adaptive capacity on the northern Australian rangelands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Marshall, G. R., and Stafford Smith, D. M. (2010). Natural resources governance for the drylands of the Murray–Darling Basin. The Rangeland Journal 32, 267–282.
| Natural resources governance for the drylands of the Murray–Darling Basin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Marshall, N., Gordon, I., and Ash, A. (2011). The reluctance of resource-users to adopt seasonal climate forecasts to enhance resilience to climate variability on the rangelands. Climatic Change 107, 511–529.
| The reluctance of resource-users to adopt seasonal climate forecasts to enhance resilience to climate variability on the rangelands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Maru, Y. T., Stafford Smith, M., Sparrow, A., Pino, P. F., and Dube, O. P. (2014). A linked vulnerability and resilience framework for adaptation pathways in remote and disadvantaged communities. Global Economic Change 28, 337–350.
| A linked vulnerability and resilience framework for adaptation pathways in remote and disadvantaged communities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mayberry, D., Bartlett, H., Moss, J., Davison, T., and Herrero, M. (2019). Pathways to carbon-neutrality for the Australian red meat sector. Agricultural Systems 175, 13–21.
| Pathways to carbon-neutrality for the Australian red meat sector.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mayer, B. (2019). A review of the literature on community resilience and disaster recovery. Current Environmental Health Reports 6, 167–173.
| A review of the literature on community resilience and disaster recovery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31267349PubMed |
McCartney, F. (2017). Factors limiting decision making for improved drought preparedness and management in Queensland grazing enterprises: rural specialists’ perspectives and suggestions. Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation (DSITI), Queensland Government, Brisbane, Qld.
McKeon, G. M., Stone, G. S., Syktus, J. I., Carter, J. O., Flood, N. R., Ahrens, D. G., Bruget, D. N., Chilcott, C. R., Cobon, D. H., Cowley, R. A., and Crimp, S. J. (2009). Climate change impacts on northern Australian rangeland livestock carrying capacity: a review of issues. The Rangeland Journal 31, 1–29.
| Climate change impacts on northern Australian rangeland livestock carrying capacity: a review of issues.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McLoughlin, C. A., Thoms, M. C., and Parson, M. (2020). Reflexive learning in adaptive management: a case study of environmental water management in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia. River Research and Applications 36, 681–694.
| Reflexive learning in adaptive management: a case study of environmental water management in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Miller, K. (2014). Respectful listening and reflective communication from the heart and with the spirit. Qualitative Social Work: Research and Practice 13, 828–841.
| Respectful listening and reflective communication from the heart and with the spirit.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Moore, M.-L., Riddell, D., and Vocisano, D. (2015). Scaling out, scaling up, scaling deep: strategies of non-profits in advancing systemic social innovation. Journal of Corporate Citizenship 2015, 67–84.
| Scaling out, scaling up, scaling deep: strategies of non-profits in advancing systemic social innovation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Moran, M. (2008). Demand responsive services: towards an analytical framework for administrative practice in Indigenous settlements. Australian Journal of Public Administration 67, 186–199.
| Demand responsive services: towards an analytical framework for administrative practice in Indigenous settlements.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Morton, S. R., Stafford Smith, D. M., Friedel, M. H., Griffin, G. F., and Pickup, G. (1995). The stewardship of arid Australia: ecology and landscape management. Journal of Environmental Management 43, 195–217.
| The stewardship of arid Australia: ecology and landscape management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nelson, R., Kokic, P., Crimp, S., Martin, P., Meinke, H., Howden, S. M., de Voil, P., and Nidumolu, U. (2010). The vulnerability of Australian rural communities to climate variability and change: Part II – integrating impacts with adaptive capacity. Environmental Science & Policy 13, 18–27.
| The vulnerability of Australian rural communities to climate variability and change: Part II – integrating impacts with adaptive capacity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Noble, J. (1997). ‘The Delicate and Noxious Scrub.’ (CSIRO: Canberra, ACT.)
Noble, J. C., Habermehl, M. A., James, C. D., Landsberg, J., Langston, A. C., and Morton, S. R. (1998). Biodiversity implications of water management in the Great Artesian Basin. The Rangeland Journal 20, 275–300.
| Biodiversity implications of water management in the Great Artesian Basin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Norton, D., and Reid, N. (2013). ‘Nature and Farming: Sustaining Native Biodiversity in Agricultural Landscapes.’ (CSIRO: Melbourne, Vic.)
O’Connell, D., Walker, B., Abel, N., and Grigg, N. (2015). The resilience, adaptation and transformation assessment framework: from theory to application. Technical Report. CSIRO, Canberra.
O’Connell, D., Maru, Y., Grigg, N., Walker, B., Abel, N., Wise, R., Cowie, A., Butler, J., Stone-Jovicich, S., Stafford-Smith, M., Ruhweza, A., Belay, M., Pearson, L., and Meharg, S. (2019). ‘Resilience, Adaptation Pathways and Transformation Approach (RAPTA): a guide to designing, implementing and assessing interventions for sustainable futures (version 2).’ (CSIRO: Canberra, ACT.) Available at: https://research.csiro.au/eap/rapta/ (accessed 23 September 2020)
O’Reagain, P., Scanlan, J., Hunt, L., Cowley, R., and Walsh, D. (2014). Sustainable grazing management for temporal and spatial variability in north Australian rangelands–a synthesis of the latest evidence and recommendations. The Rangeland Journal 36, 223–232.
| Sustainable grazing management for temporal and spatial variability in north Australian rangelands–a synthesis of the latest evidence and recommendations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Oliver, T. H., Heard, M. S., Isaac, N. J., Roy, D. B., Procter, D., Eigenbrod, F., Freckleton, R., Hector, A., Orme, C. D. L., Petchey, O. L., and Proença, V. (2015). Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30, 673–684.
| Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Outback Alliance (2018). Joining the dots: policy pathways fit for the Outback. Outback Alliance, Australia. Available at: https://outbackalliance.org.au/2018/11/25/joining-the-dots-policy-pathways-fit-for-the-outback/ (accessed 23 September 2020).
Paxton, G. (2019). Towards greater drought preparedness in Queensland grazing: lessons from qualitative interviews and discourse analysis. Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Qld.
Phelps, D., and Kelly, D. M. (2019). Building drought resilient rangelands: lessons from central-western Queensland. The Rangeland Journal 41, 251–270.
| Building drought resilient rangelands: lessons from central-western Queensland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Phelps, D. G., and Kelly, D. M. (2020). A call for collaboration: linking resident and non-resident rangeland communities to build resilience. The Rangeland Journal 42, .
Queensland Government (2017). ‘The Queensland Strategy for Disaster Resilience: Making Queensland the Most Disaster Resilient State in Australia.’ (Minister for Local Government, Community Recovery and Resilience Queensland Government: Brisbane, Qld.)
Ridges, M., Kelly, M., Simpson, G., Leys, J., Booth, S., and Friedel, M. (2020). Understanding how Aboriginal culture can contribute to the resilient future of rangelands – the importance of Aboriginal core values. The Rangeland Journal 42, .
Rola-Rubzen, M. F., and McGregor, M. J. (2009). The structure of the desert economy: risks and strategies for long-term sustainable growth. In: ‘Proceedings Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society 2009 Conference (53rd)’. 11–13 February 2009, Cairns, Qld. (Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society: Sydney.) Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/aare09/48028.html (accessed August 2020)
Sloat, L. L., Gerber, J. S., Samberg, L. H., Smith, W. K., Herrero, M., Ferreira, L. G., Godde, C. M., and West, P. C. (2018). Increasing importance of precipitation variability on global livestock grazing lands. Nature Climate Change 8, 214–218.
| Increasing importance of precipitation variability on global livestock grazing lands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Smerdon, B. D., Ransley, T. R., Radke, B. M., and Kellett, J. R. (2012). Water resource assessment for the Great Artesian Basin. Report to the Australian Government from the CSIRO Great Artesian Basin Water Resource Assessment. CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra.
Sparrow, A. D., Friedel, M. H., and Tongway, D. (2003). Degradation and recovery processes in arid grazing lands of central Australia. Part 3. Implications at landscape scale. Journal of Arid Environments 55, 349–360.
| Degradation and recovery processes in arid grazing lands of central Australia. Part 3. Implications at landscape scale.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stafford Smith, M. (2016). Desertification: reflections on the mirage. In: ‘The end of desertification? Disputing Environmental Change in the Drylands’. (Eds R. H. J. Behnke and M. Mortimore.) pp. 539–560. (Springer Earth System Sciences: Berlin.)
Stafford Smith, M., and Cribb, J. (2009). ‘Dry times: a blueprint for a red land.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne, Vic.)
Stafford Smith, M., Buxton, R., McKeon, G., and Ash, A. (2000). Seasonal climate forecasting and the management of rangelands: do production benefits translate into enterprise profits? In: ‘Applications of Seasonal Climate Forecasting in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems – The Australian Experience’. (Eds G. Hammer, N. Nicholls and C. Mitchell.) pp. 271–289. (Kluwer Academic Press: Amsterdam.)
Stafford Smith, D. M., McKeon, G. M., Watson, I. W., Henry, B. K., Stone, G. S., Hall, W. B., and Howden, S. M. (2007). Learning from episodes of degradation and recovery in variable Australian rangelands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, 20690–20695.
| Learning from episodes of degradation and recovery in variable Australian rangelands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18093932PubMed |
Stafford Smith, M., Moran, M., and Seemann, K. (2008). The ‘viability’ and resilience of communities and settlements in desert Australia. The Rangeland Journal 30, 123–135.
| The ‘viability’ and resilience of communities and settlements in desert Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sutherland, W. J., Fleishman, E., Mascia, M. B., Pretty, J., and Rudd, M. A. (2011). Methods for collaboratively identifying research priorities and emerging issues in science and policy. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2, 238–247.
| Methods for collaboratively identifying research priorities and emerging issues in science and policy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Taylor, J. A., Erkelenz, P. A., and Churchill, A. C. (2020). Building human capacity, capability and future leaders for Australia’s rangelands. The Rangeland Journal 42, .
Thomson, I., and Boutilier, R. (2011). The social license to operate. In: ‘SME Mining Engineering Handbook’. 3rd edn. (Ed. P. Darling.) pp. 1779–1796. (Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration: Englewood, CO, USA.)
Traill, B. J., and Stafford Smith, M. (2020). A new narrative to support the future of the Australian Outback. The Rangeland Journal 42, .
| A new narrative to support the future of the Australian Outback.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Turner, D., Ostendorf, B., and Lewis, M. (2008). An introduction to patterns of fire in arid and semi-arid Australia, 1998–2004. The Rangeland Journal 30, 95–107.
| An introduction to patterns of fire in arid and semi-arid Australia, 1998–2004.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Walker, B. H. (2020). Guiding rangelands into an uncertain future. The Rangeland Journal 42, XXX.
Walker, B. H., and Janssen, M. A. (2002). Rangelands, pastoralists and governments: interlinked systems of people and nature. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 357, 719–725.
| Rangelands, pastoralists and governments: interlinked systems of people and nature.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12079532PubMed |
Walker, B., and Meyers, J. A. (2004). Thresholds in ecological and social ecological systems: a developing database. Ecology and Society 9, art3.
| Thresholds in ecological and social ecological systems: a developing database.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Walker, B., and Salt, D. (2012). ‘Resilience Practice.’ (Island Press: Washington, DC.)
Walker, B. W., Porter, D. J., and Marsh, I. (2012). ‘Fixing the Hole in Australia’s Heartland: How Government Needs to Work in Remote Australia.’ (Desert Knowledge Australia: Alice Springs, NT.)
Webb, N. P., Marshall, N. A., Stringer, L. C., Reed, M. S., Chappell, A., and Herrick, J. E. (2017). Land degradation and climate change: building climate resilience in agriculture. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 15, 450–459.
| Land degradation and climate change: building climate resilience in agriculture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Westley, F., Laban, S., Rose, C., McGowan, K., Robinson, K., Tjornbo, O., and Tovey, M. (2015). Social Innovation Lab Guide.’ (Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience: Waterloo, ON, Canada.) Available at: https://uwaterloo.ca/waterloo-institute-for-social-innovation-and-resilience/sites/ca.waterloo-institute-for-social-innovation-and-resilience/files/uploads/files/10_silabguide_final.pdf (accessed 23 September 2020)
Williams, R. J., Bradstock, R. A., Cary, G. J., Enright, N. J., Gill, A. M., Liedloff, A. C., Lucas, C., Whelan, R. J., Andersen, A. N., Bowman, D. M. J. S., et al. (2009). Interactions between climate change, fire regimes and biodiversity in Australia: a preliminary assessment. Report from CSIRO-led consortium. Australian Government, Canberra.
WLLS (2014). ‘Managing Invasive Native Scrub to Rehabilitate Native Pastures and Open Woodlands: A Best Management Practice Guide for the Central West and Western Regions.’ (Western Local Land Services: Dubbo and Cobar, NSW.)
Woinarski, J., and Fisher, A. (2003). Conservation and the maintenance of biodiversity in the rangelands. The Rangeland Journal 25, 157–171.
| Conservation and the maintenance of biodiversity in the rangelands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Xie, Z., Phinn, S. R., Game, E. T., Pannell, D. J., Hobbs, R. J., Briggs, P. R., and McDonald-Madden, E. (2019). Using Landsat observations (1988–2017) and Google Earth Engine to detect vegetation cover changes in rangelands: a first step towards identifying degraded lands for conservation. Remote Sensing of Environment 232, 111317.
| Using Landsat observations (1988–2017) and Google Earth Engine to detect vegetation cover changes in rangelands: a first step towards identifying degraded lands for conservation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang, A., Moffat, K., Lacey, J., Wang, J., González, R., Uribe, K., Cui, L., and Dai, Y. (2015). Understanding the social licence to operate of mining at the national scale: a comparative study of Australia, China and Chile. Journal of Cleaner Production 108, 1063–1072.
| Understanding the social licence to operate of mining at the national scale: a comparative study of Australia, China and Chile.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
