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Journal of the Australian Rangeland Society
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Native seed for restoration: a discussion of key issues using examples from the flora of southern Australia

Linda Broadhurst A D , Cathy Waters B and David Coates C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

B NSW Department of Primary Industries, Trangie Agricultural Research Centre, PMB 19, Trangie, NSW 2823, Australia.

C Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, PO Box 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, 6983, Australia.

D Corresponding author. Email: Linda.Broadhurst@csiro.au

The Rangeland Journal 39(6) 487-498 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ17055
Submitted: 5 April 2017  Accepted: 18 October 2017   Published: 8 December 2017

Abstract

Land clearing across southern Australia since European settlement has fundamentally changed the amount and distribution of native vegetation; it has also substantially reduced genetic diversity in plant species throughout Australia, especially in agricultural regions. The most recent State of the Environment report indicates that Australian biodiversity continues to decline. Many approaches to restoration are used in Australia including re-establishing plant populations using tube stock or by direct seeding. Native seed for these projects is often assumed to be plentiful and available for the majority of species we wish to restore but these assumptions are rarely true. We also rely on a small number of species for the majority of restoration projects despite the vast number of species required to fully restore complex plant communities. The majority of seed for restoration is still primarily collected from native vegetation despite longstanding concerns regarding the sustainability of this practice and the globally recognised impacts of vegetation fragmentation on seed production and genetic diversity. Climate change is also expected to challenge seed production as temperatures rise and water availability becomes more limited; changes to current planting practices may also be required. Until now native seed collection has relied on market forces to build a strong and efficient industry sector, but in reality the Australian native seed market is primarily driven by Federal, State and Territory funding. In addition, unlike other seed-based agri-businesses native seed collection lacks national industry standards. A new approach is required to support development of the native seed collection and use sector into an innovative industry.

Additional keywords: climate change, genetic diversity, inbreeding, polyploidy.


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