Preliminary assessment of gidgee (Acacia cambagei) woodland thickening in the Longreach district, Queensland

R. J. Fensham; R. J. Fairfax

doi:10.1071/RJ05013

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Previous Contents Vol 27(2)

Preliminary assessment of gidgee (Acacia cambagei) woodland thickening in the Longreach district, Queensland

R. J. Fensham ^A ^B and R. J. Fairfax ^A

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia.

^B Corresponding author. Email: rod.fensham@epa.qld.gov.au

The Rangeland Journal 27(2) 159-168 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ05013
Submitted: 3 February 2005 Accepted: 10 June 2005 Published: 21 November 2005

Abstract

Gidgee (Acacia cambagei) forms woodlands and forests on moderately fertile clay soils throughout semi-arid areas of north-eastern Australia. Analysis of soil data from Queensland indicates that gidgee’s environmental domain has a broad overlap with treeless Mitchell grassland although a preference for slightly coarser soils with higher phosphorus and lower potassium content. Mapping of woody cover change for an area of central Queensland suggests that gidgee thickening and spread has occurred between 1951 and 1994. However, this increase has been more than offset by loss of gidgee cover by clearing in other areas. Gidgee thickening and encroachment onto grassland is a problem for graziers because the trees suppress grass and are unpalatable except when very young. Landholder surveys and other information indicate that gidgee has recruited sporadically and that thickening occurred with a massive seedling recruitment in the 1950s with a smaller recruitment wave in the 1970s. These waves coincide with relatively wet times and the extreme rainfall abundance in the 1950s has a multi-century expected recurrence. There are historical records describing gidgee death during the extreme droughts in the first part of the 20th century. Young gidgee plants are fire sensitive but well-established gidgee stands are fire retardant, and the importance of fire for control of gidgee thickening is unknown. One scenario explaining gidgee dynamics emphasises the role of environment (mostly climate and soil), while another emphasises management (mostly fire). Research priorities are presented and may contribute to appropriate management of gidgee woodlands.

Additional keywords: drought, fire, grassland encroachment, vegetation thickening, woodland dynamics.

Acknowledgments

This project was partly funded by the Tropical Savannas Management CRC and the support of Jill Landsberg and Gordon Duff is greatly appreciated. The Longreach Office of the EPA is thanked for logistic support during the questionnaire survey, and in particular David Akers and Vanessa Bailey. Don Butler and Rosemary Niehus provided GIS and analytical support. Evelyn Krull took the time to discuss the complex processes behind her carbon isotope study. The enthusiasm, time and hospitality of all the graziers involved is greatly appreciated. Don Alexander is especially thanked for alerting me to the drought-killed gidgee on ‘Willoughby’ after the initial grazier survey had been completed. The reviewer’s and editor’s comments were useful for improving the manuscript.

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