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Journal of the Australian Rangeland Society
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Improving vegetation quality for the restoration of pollinators – the relevance of co-flowering species in space and time

C. L. Gross
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

Ecosystem Management, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia. Email: cgross@une.edu.au

The Rangeland Journal 39(6) 499-522 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ17066
Submitted: 13 June 2017  Accepted: 30 August 2017   Published: 23 October 2017

Abstract

Pollination is a key ecosystem function that directly and indirectly provides food for all organisms – regardless of the trophic level. In degraded ecosystems, installing plant and habitat resources for pollinators starts with an understanding of the temporal and spatial habitat needs of pollinators, and the augmentations, the co-factors and conditions required for pollinator populations. These co-factors, not immediately recognised as linked to the provision of pollination services, are critical for complexity and include a diverse array of resources such as food plants for larvae, shelter and temporal legacies of earlier flowering species. Practical steps for restoration include the installation of an array of plant species that provide a staggered supply of flowers and this can be refined to include specific floral types that are the mega supermarkets for nectar and pollen resources in them.

Additional keywords: buzz pollination, flower types, flowering phenology, nectar resources, pollinator conservation, spatial overlap, temporal overlap.


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