Register      Login
The Rangeland Journal The Rangeland Journal Society
Journal of the Australian Rangeland Society
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Attracting and retaining skilled and professional staff in remote locations of Australia

Fiona Haslam McKenzie
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

Graduate School of Business, Curtin University, 78 Murray Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. Email: f.mckenzie@curtin.edu.au

The Rangeland Journal 33(4) 353-363 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ11024
Submitted: 2 May 2011  Accepted: 19 October 2011   Published: 29 November 2011

Abstract

Remote Australia constitutes ~75% of the continent and is a dry, often harsh environment in which to live; consequently less than 3% of Australia’s population reside there but it is also where a substantial proportion of Australia’s export wealth is derived. It is therefore important that attention is paid to ensuring that remote locations in Australia are liveable and that innovative strategies are pursued to attract and retain a productive workforce in these places. Attracting and retaining skilled and professional staff is a problem not limited to remote, or even rural and regional locations in Australia. There is strong evidence to suggest that it is increasingly a global problem and organisations throughout the world are seeking innovative strategies to attract and develop new talent and developing other strategies to retain that talent. This paper examines population and labour mobility trends in remote Australia and the issues that have been influential on rates of staff attraction and retention, most particularly adequate housing, services and infrastructure. The second half of the paper examines a variety of recommendations and strategies developed by the public and private sectors to more effectively attract and retain skilled and professional staff to remote locations. This paper does not claim to be a rigorous analysis of all remote areas of Australia nor a comprehensive study of attraction and retention strategies. Rather, it aims to highlight the complexity, depth and interconnectedness of the issues for communities, public and private sectors and how they apply in remote locations in Australia.

Additional keywords: attraction, labour force, retention sustainable communities.


References

Acil Tasman (2006). Factors inhibiting industry development in the North West. In: ‘Burrup Industries Forum’. (Chamber of Commerce and Industry Western Australia: Perth.)

Adcock, G. (2002). ‘Country Policing: Its Not Rocket Science.’ (The Winston Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia: Adelaide.)

Armitage, S., and McMaster, R. (2000). Rural and remote mental health placements for nursing students. The Australian Journal of Rural Health 8, 175–179.
Rural and remote mental health placements for nursing students.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3hsFKrug%3D%3D&md5=caf59b625fc717507a61c8445806b36aCAS |

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2003). ‘Integrated Regional Database Australia.’ Cat. 1353.0. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra.)

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2009a). ‘A Picture of the Nation.’ Cat. 2070.0. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra.)

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2009b). ‘Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2008–09.’ Cat. 3218.0. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra.)

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010a). ‘Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product.’ (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra.)

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010b). ‘Regional Population Growth.’ Cat. 3218.0. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra.)

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010c). ‘Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC).’ Cat. 1216.0. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra.)

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011a). ‘Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC).’ Cat. 1216.0. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra.)

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011b). ‘Household Income and Income Distribution, 2009–10.’ Cat. 6523.0. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra.)

Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2008). ‘The Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.’ (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Canberra.)

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2009). ‘Indigenous Housing Needs: A Multi-Measure Needs Model.’ (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Canberra.)

Australian Taxation Office (2001). Zone rebates. Available at: www.ato.gov.au/content.asp?doc=/content/ormsboa/rs_zo_zr.htm (accessed 1 May 2007).

Beach, R. (1999). The impact of intense work schedules on family structure: a case study of a 4 : 1 fly-in/fly-out schedule in the Australian mining industry. In: ‘Sociology for a New Millennium: Challenges and Prospects’. (Eds M. Collis, L. Munro and S. Russell.) pp. 289–300. (CeLTS: Churchill.)

Beer, A., Clower, T., Haughton, G., and Maude, A. (2005). Neoliberalism and the institutions for regional development in Australia. Geographical Research 43, 49–58.
Neoliberalism and the institutions for regional development in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Beer, A., Tually, S., Rowland, S., Haslam McKenzie, F., Schlapp, J., Birdsall-Jones, C., and Corunna, V. (2011). ‘The Drivers of Supply and Demand in Australia’s Rural and Regional Centres.’ Final Report # 165. (Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute: Adelaide.)

Bell, M., and Brown, D. (2006). Who are the visitors? Characteristics of temporary movers in Australia. Population Space and Place 12, 77–92.
Who are the visitors? Characteristics of temporary movers in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Biddle, N. 2009. ‘The Geography and Demography of Indigenous Migration: Insights for Policy and Planning.’ (Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research: Canberra.)

Biddle, N., and Yap, M. (2010). ‘Demographic and Socio-Economic Outcomes Across the Australian Indigenous Lifecourse.’ (Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, ANU E-Press: Canberra.)

Chamber of Commerce and Industry Western Australia (2011). Challenges hiding behind WA’s rapid economic recovery. Available at: www.cciwa.com/14_February_2011_1.aspx#22922 (accessed 2 April 2011).

Cheshire, L., and Lawrence, G. (2005). Neoliberalism, individualisation and community: regional restructuring in Australia. Social Identities 11, 435–445.
Neoliberalism, individualisation and community: regional restructuring in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Clifford, S. (2009). ‘The Effects of Fly-in/Fly-out Commute Arrangements and Extended Working Hours on the Stress, Lifestyle, Relationship and Health Characteristics of Western Australian Mining Employees and Their Partners.’ (University of Western Australia: Perth.)

Daly, A., and Hunter, B. (1999). Incentives to work: replacement ratios and the cost of job loss among Aboriginal Australians. The Australian Economic Review 32, 219–236.
Incentives to work: replacement ratios and the cost of job loss among Aboriginal Australians.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Department of Housing and Regional Development (1994). ‘Business Investment and Regional Prosperity: The Challenge of Rejuvenation.’ (Department of Housing and Regional Development: Canberra.)

Department of Infrastructure Transport Regional Development and Local Government (2009). ‘Northern Australia Statistical Compendium.’ (Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics: Canberra.)

Department of Local Government and Regional Development (2007). ‘Regional Price Index.’ (Department of Local Government and Regional Development: Perth.)

Department of Planning and Urban Development (1992). ‘Pilbara 21: Final Strategy Report.’ (Department of Planning and Urban Development: Perth.)

Desert Knowledge Australia (2005). Facts about Desert Australia. Available at: www.desertknowledge.com.au/dka/documents/Facts%20about%20Desert%20Australia.pdf (accessed 8 June 2005).

Dockery, A. M., and Strathdee, R. (2004). ‘Job Finding Methods of Young People in Australia: An Analysis of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth.’ (Australian Council for Educational Research: Camberwell.)

Dunbabin, J., and Levitt, L. (2003). Rural origin and rural medical exposure: their impact on the rural and remote medical workforce in Australia. Rural and Remote Health 3, 1–17.

Edgar, D. (2001). ‘The Patchwork Nation: Re-thinking Government–Re-building Community.’ (Harper Collins: Pymble.)

Gallegos, D. (2005). ‘Aeroplanes Always Come Back: Fly-in Fly-out Employment: Managing the Parenting Transitions.’ (Centre for Social and Community Research, Murdoch University: Perth.) Available at: www.meerilinga.org.au/upload/aeroplanes_always_come_back_final_report.pdf (accessed 28 August 2007).

Garnett, A., and Lewis, P. (2000). Population and labour movements in rural Australia. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies 6, 157–171.

Garton, P. (2008). ‘The Resources Boom and the Two Speed Economy.’ (The Australian Government Treasury: Canberra.)

Government of Western Australia Department of Industrial Development (1974). ‘The Pilbara Study.’ (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.)

Gray, I., and Lawrence, G. (2001). ‘A Future for Regional Australia: Escaping Global Misfortune.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)

Guenther, J., Young, M., Boyle, A., Schaber, E., and Richardson, J. (2005). ‘Growing the Desert: Regional and Educational Profiles of the Australian Desert and its Indigenous People.’ (Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.desertknowledge.com.au/file_store/66271A7F-C09F-44B0-F1A0179C5E54A36D.pdf (accessed 8 August 2007).

Haslam McKenzie, F. (2007). ‘Attracting and Retaining Skilled and Professional Staff in Remote Locations.’ (Desert Knowledge Co-operative Research Centre: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/publications/downloads/DKCRC-Report-21-Staff-Attraction-and-Retention.pdf (accessed 6 June 2011).

Haslam McKenzie, F. (2011). Fly-in fly-out: the challenges of transient populations in rural landscapes. In: ‘Demographic Change in Rural Landscapes: What Does it Mean for Society and the Environment?’ (Eds G. Luck, D. Race and R. Black.) pp. 353–374. (Springer, Landscape Series: London.)

Haslam McKenzie, F., and Stehlik, D. (2005). Futures for the Western Australian wheatbelt – is 2030 already here? Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, 1–15.

Haslam McKenzie, F., Rowley, S., Phillips, R., Birdsall-Jones, C., and Brereton, D. (2009). ‘Housing Market Dynamics in Resource Boom Towns.’ (Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute: Perth.) Available at: www.ahuri.edu.au/publications/p80370/ (accessed 6 June 2011).

Henry, K. (2010). Australia’s Future Taxation System. Available at: www.taxreview.treasury.gov.au/content/FinalReport.aspx?doc=html/publications/papers/Final_Report (accessed 14 March 2011).

Hodgins, G., Murray, G., Donoghue, A., Judd, F., and Petts, A. (2004). Introducing a professional development programme to a rural area mental health service: the importance of context. Australasian Psychiatry 12, 153–160.

Holmes, J. (1997). Diversity and change in Australia’s rangeland regions: translating resource values into regional benefits. The Rangeland Journal 19, 3–35.
Diversity and change in Australia’s rangeland regions: translating resource values into regional benefits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ife, J. (1999). ‘Community Development: Creating Community Alternatives – Vision, Analysis and Practice.’ (Longman: Frenchs Forest.)

Johnson, P. (2009). ‘Fly-in Fly-out and Regional Impact Assessments.’ (Regional Development Council: Perth.)

Jones, R., and Tonts, M. (2003). Transition and diversity in rural housing provision: the case of Narrogin, Western Australia. The Australian Geographer 34, 47–59.
Transition and diversity in rural housing provision: the case of Narrogin, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lawrence, G. (2000). ‘International Landcare 2000 Conference, Global Perspectives on Rural Communities: Trends and Patterns.’ (Landcare, Australia: Melbourne.)

Meetham, K. (2001). ‘Tourism in Global Society: Place, Culture, Consumption.’ (Palgrave: Basingstoke.)

Ministry for Planning (1997). ‘Karratha Land Development Program: Land Release Plan and Infrastructure Supplement.’ (Ministry for Planning: Perth.)

Murphy, P. (2002). Sea change: re-inventing rural and regional Australia. Transformations 2, 1–12.

National Rural Health Alliance (2006). ‘Overview of How Australia’s Tax System Compares Internationally.’ (National Rural Health Alliance: Canberra.)

Neutze, M. (2000). Housing for Indigenous Australians. Housing Studies 15, 485–504.
Housing for Indigenous Australians.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Salt, B. (2006). ‘The Big Picture: Life, Work and Relationships in the 21st Century.’ (Hardie Grant Books: Prahran.)

Senate Select Committee on Housing Affordability in Australia (2008). ‘A Good House is Hard to Find: Housing Affordability in Australia.’ (Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra.) Available at: www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/hsaf_ctte/report/report.pdf (accessed 18 June 2008).

Stafford Smith, M., Walker, D., Maru, Y., Stoekl, N., Herr, A., Breen, J., and Greiner, R. (2003). ‘Options for Understanding Regional Dynamics in Northern Australia.’ Tropical Savannas CRC Project Report. (CSIRO: Alice Springs.)

Storey, K. (2001). Fly-in/fly-out and fly-over: mining and regional development in Western Australia. The Australian Geographer 32, 133–148.
Fly-in/fly-out and fly-over: mining and regional development in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Syme Marmion & Co (2010). ‘Extractive Industry and Sustainable Regional Develoment.’ (Western Australian Regional Development Council: Perth.)

Taylor, J. (2002). ‘Population Futures in the Australian Desert 2001–2016.’ Discussion Paper 231/2002. (Centre for Australian Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, Australian National University: Canberra.)

Taylor, J. (2006). ‘Indigenous People in the West Kimberley Labour Market.’ Working Paper 35/2006. (Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research: Canberra.)

Taylor, J., and Kinfu, Y. (2005). ‘Determinants of Indigenous Population Mobility: Insights from the NATSISS.’ (Centre of Aboriginal Economic Policy Research: Canberra.)

Tually, S., Beer, A., Rowley, S., Haslam McKenzie, F., and Birdsall-Jones, C. (2010). ‘The Drivers of Supply and Demand in Australia’s Rural and Regional Centres.’ Positioning Paper #128. (Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute: Melbourne.)

United Nations Development Program (2010). ‘Curse or Blessing? Natural Resources and Human Development.’ (United Nations: New York.)

Watts, J. (2004). ‘Best of Both Worlds: Seeking a Sustainable Regional Employment Solution to Fly In-Fly Out Operations in the Pilbara.’ (Pilbara Regional Council: Karratha.)

Yates, J., Randolph, W., and Holloway, D. (2006). ‘Housing Affordability, Occupation and Location in Australian Cities and Regions.’ (AHURI: Sydney.)

Zandvliet, R., Bertolini, L., and Dijst, M. (2008). Towards planning for a mobile society: mobile and residential populations and the performance of places. European Planning Studies 16, 1459–1472.
Towards planning for a mobile society: mobile and residential populations and the performance of places.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Zimmerman, R. (2001). Social implications of infrastructure network interactions. Journal of Urban Technology 8, 97–119.
Social implications of infrastructure network interactions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |