Geospatial analyses of local economic structures in the rangeland areas of the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia
Boyd D. Blackwell A D , Brian E. Dollery B , Andrew M. Fischer C and Jim A. Mcfarlane AA CRC for Remote Economic Participation, UNE Business School, EBL Building, Trevenna Road, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
B UNE Centre for Local Government, EBL Building, Trevenna Road, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
C Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Science Building, Old School Road, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Tas. 7248, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: boydb@une.edu.au
The Rangeland Journal 40(3) 251-262 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ17065
Submitted: 16 June 2017 Accepted: 10 April 2018 Published: 14 May 2018
Abstract
We examine the economic structure of Australian local government areas in the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia using economic base theory and location quotients. Whereas the economic base approach is long established, in this paper we extend the three-staged geospatial visualisation method of Blackwell et al. (2017) to two additional state jurisdictions. Focusing on the economic structure of rangeland local government areas, we find that these vary significantly, implying that no single generic development policy is likely to be effective, but rather these need to be crafted individually. We demonstrate that geospatial visualisations of employment location quotients can identify local economic vulnerability as well as opportunity.
Additional keywords: geospatial visualisation, regional development, remote Australia, rural Australia.
References
Alexander, I. (1988). Western Australia: the resource state. The Australian Geographer 19, 117–130.| Western Australia: the resource state.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Andrews, R. B. (1953). Mechanics of the urban economic base: a classification of base types. Land Economics 29, 343–350.
| Mechanics of the urban economic base: a classification of base types.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Andrews, R. B. (1956). Mechanics of the urban economic base: the base concept and the planning process. Land Economics 32, 69–84.
| Mechanics of the urban economic base: the base concept and the planning process.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Argent, N. (2013). Reinterpreting core and periphery in Australia’s mineral and energy resources boom: an Innisian perspective on the Pilbara. The Australian Geographer 44, 323–340.
| Reinterpreting core and periphery in Australia’s mineral and energy resources boom: an Innisian perspective on the Pilbara.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Argent, N. (2017). Trap or opportunity? Natural resource dependence, scale, and the evolution of new economies in space/time of New South Wales’ Northern Tablelands. In: ‘Transformation of Resource Towns and Peripheries: Political Economy Perspectives’. (Ed. G. Halseth.) pp. 18–50. (Routledge: New York.)
Armstrong, M., and Taylor, J. (2000). ‘Regional Economics and Policy.’ (Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK.) 448.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013). ‘2011 Industry of Employment (INDP) by Local Government Areas (2011 Boundaries) (POW), Census of Population and Housing, Persons Count Based on Usual Place of Residence.’ (ABS, TableBuilder: Canberra.)
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014). ‘The Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Remoteness Structure.’ (ABS: Canberra.) Available at: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/home/remoteness+structure (accessed 4 May 2018)
Barnes, T. J., Hayter, R., and Hay, E. (2001). Stormy weather: cyclones, Harold Innis, and Port Alberni, BC. Environment & Planning A 33, 2127–2147.
| Stormy weather: cyclones, Harold Innis, and Port Alberni, BC.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Blackwell, B. (2012). Local and regional government in remote and unincorporated Australia: Sui Generis? Public Policy 7, 23–46.
Blackwell, B., McFarlane, J., and Blake, S. (2014). Local employment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples by Local Government Area in the Northern Territory: red dirt employment and income. Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues 17, 72–90.
Blackwell, B., Dollery, B., and Grant, B. (2015). Institutional vehicles for place-shaping in remote Australia. Space and Polity 19, 150–169.
| Institutional vehicles for place-shaping in remote Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Blackwell, B., McFarlane, J., Fischer, A., and Dollery, B. (2017). Diversifying cores but stagnant peripheries: mining and other industry employment contributions to development in local government areas of the Northern Territory. Economic Papers 36, 317–334.
| Diversifying cores but stagnant peripheries: mining and other industry employment contributions to development in local government areas of the Northern Territory.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Blair, J. P., and Carrol, M. C. (2008). ‘Local Economic Development: Analysis, Practices and Globalization.’ 2nd edn. (SAGE: Los Angeles, CA.)
Capone, F. (2016). ‘Tourist Clusters, Destinations and Competitiveness: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Evidences.’ (Routledge: New York.)
Carson, D. (2011). Political economy, demography and development in Australia’s Northern Territory. The Canadian Geographer. Geographe Canadien 55, 226–242.
| Political economy, demography and development in Australia’s Northern Territory.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CRCREP (Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation) (2017). CRC-REP - Welcome. Ninti One Ltd, Alice Springs. Available at: https://old.crc-rep.com (accessed 4 May 2018).
Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (2017). ‘What is Royalties for Regions?’ (Government of Western Australia: Perth.) Available at: http://www.drd.wa.gov.au/rfr/whatisrfr/Pages/default.aspx (accessed 4 May 2018)
Garrison, C. B. (1972). The impact of new industry: an application of the economic base multiplier to small rural areas. Land Economics 48, 329–337.
| The impact of new industry: an application of the economic base multiplier to small rural areas.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kopczewska, K. (2017). Cluster-based measurement of agglomeration, concentration and specialisation. In: ‘Measuring Regional Specialisation: A New Approach’. (Eds K. Kopczewska, P. Churski, A. Ochojski and A. Polko.) pp. 69–172. (Springer: Cham, Switzerland.)https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Q7szDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover-v=onepage&q&f=false
Krugman, P. (1991). Increasing returns and economic geography. Journal of Political Economy 99, 483–499.
| Increasing returns and economic geography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lawrie, M., Tonts, M., and Plummer, P. (2011). Boomtowns, resource dependence and socio-economic well-being. The Australian Geographer 42, 139–164.
| Boomtowns, resource dependence and socio-economic well-being.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lehtonen, O., and Tykkyläinen, M. (2014). Estimating Regional Input Coefficients and Multipliers: Is the Choice of a Non-Survey Technique a Gamble? Regional Studies 48, 382–399.
| Estimating Regional Input Coefficients and Multipliers: Is the Choice of a Non-Survey Technique a Gamble?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Leigh, R. (1970). The use of location quotients in urban economic base studies. Land Economics 46, 202–205.
| The use of location quotients in urban economic base studies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
MacLachlan, I. (2013). Kwinana Industrial Area: agglomeration economies and industrial symbiosis on Western Australia’s Cockburn Sound. The Australian Geographer 44, 383–400.
| Kwinana Industrial Area: agglomeration economies and industrial symbiosis on Western Australia’s Cockburn Sound.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mattila, J. M., and Thompson, W. R. (1955). The measurement of the economic base of the metropolitan area. Land Economics 31, 215–228.
| The measurement of the economic base of the metropolitan area.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Plummer, P., and Tonts, M. (2013). Geographical political economy, dirt research and the Pilbara. The Australian Geographer 44, 223–226.
| Geographical political economy, dirt research and the Pilbara.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ray, D. M., MacLachlan, I., Lamarche, R., and Srinath, K. P. (2017). Economic shock and regional resilience: Continuity and change in Canada’s regional employment structure, 1987–2012. Environment & Planning A 49, 952–973.
| Economic shock and regional resilience: Continuity and change in Canada’s regional employment structure, 1987–2012.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Robertson, S., and Blackwell, B. (2015). Remote mining towns on the rangelands: determining dependency within the hinterland. The Rangeland Journal 37, 583–596.
| Remote mining towns on the rangelands: determining dependency within the hinterland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Robertson, S., Blackwell, B., and McFarlane, J. (2017). The viability of remote mining communities: insights from community perceptions and employment impact assessments. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 35, 310–324.
| The viability of remote mining communities: insights from community perceptions and employment impact assessments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stafford Smith, M. (2008). The desert syndrome causally-linked factors that characterise outback Australia. The Rangeland Journal 30, 3–14.
| The desert syndrome causally-linked factors that characterise outback Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tiebout, C. M. (1956). The urban economic base reconsidered. Land Economics 32, 95–99.
| The urban economic base reconsidered.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tonts, M., Davies, A., and Haslam-McKenzie, F. (2008). ‘Regional Workforce Futures: An Analysis of the Great Southern, South West and Wheatbelt Regions.’ (University of Western Australia: Perth.)
Tonts, M., Plummer, P., and Lawrie, M. (2012). Socio-economic wellbeing in Australian mining towns: A comparative analysis. Journal of Rural Studies 28, 288–301.
| Socio-economic wellbeing in Australian mining towns: A comparative analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Townshend, I., MacLachlan, I., and O’Donoghue, D. (2004). Integrated dis-Integration: employment structure of first nations communities on the prairies relative to their local regions. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies 24, 91–127.
Watkins, M. (1963). A staple theory of economic growth. The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 29, 141–158.
| A staple theory of economic growth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |