The origins of genomic imprinting in mammals
Carol A. Edwards
A B , Nozomi Takahashi A , Jennifer A. Corish A and Anne C. Ferguson-Smith A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
B Corresponding author. Email: cae28@cam.ac.uk
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31(7) 1203-1218 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD18176
Submitted: 10 May 2018 Accepted: 1 October 2018 Published: 8 January 2019
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2019 Open Access CC BY
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a process that causes genes to be expressed according to their parental origin. Imprinting appears to have evolved gradually in two of the three mammalian subclasses, with no imprinted genes yet identified in prototheria and only six found to be imprinted in marsupials to date. By interrogating the genomes of eutherian suborders, we determine that imprinting evolved at the majority of eutherian specific genes before the eutherian radiation. Theories considering the evolution of imprinting often relate to resource allocation and recently consider maternal–offspring interactions more generally, which, in marsupials, places a greater emphasis on lactation. In eutherians, the imprint memory is retained at least in part by zinc finger protein 57 (ZFP57), a Kruppel associated box (KRAB) zinc finger protein that binds specifically to methylated imprinting control regions. Some imprints are less dependent on ZFP57 in vivo and it may be no coincidence that these are the imprints that are found in marsupials. Because marsupials lack ZFP57, this suggests another more ancestral protein evolved to regulate imprints in non-eutherian subclasses, and contributes to imprinting control in eutherians. Hence, understanding the mechanisms acting at imprinting control regions across mammals has the potential to provide valuable insights into our understanding of the origins and evolution of genomic imprinting.
Additional keywords : epigenetics, evolution, marsupials.
References
Abu-Amero, S., Monk, D., Frost, J., Preece, M., Stanier, P., and Moore, G. E. (2008). The genetic aetiology of Silver–Russell syndrome. J. Med. Genet. 45, 193–199.| The genetic aetiology of Silver–Russell syndrome.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18156438PubMed |
Ager, E., Suzuki, S., Pask, A., Shaw, G., Ishino, F., and Renfree, M. B. (2007). Insulin is imprinted in the placenta of the marsupial, Macropus eugenii. Dev. Biol. 309, 317–328.
| Insulin is imprinted in the placenta of the marsupial, Macropus eugenii.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17706631PubMed |
Ager, E. I., Pask, A. J., Gehring, H. M., Shaw, G., and Renfree, M. B. (2008a). Evolution of the CDKN1C-KCNQ1 imprinted domain. BMC Evol. Biol. 8, 163.
| Evolution of the CDKN1C-KCNQ1 imprinted domain.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18510768PubMed |
Ager, E. I., Pask, A. J., Shaw, G., and Renfree, M. B. (2008b). Expression and protein localisation of IGF2 in the marsupial placenta. BMC Dev. Biol. 8, 17.
| Expression and protein localisation of IGF2 in the marsupial placenta.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18284703PubMed |
Alcorn, G. T., and Robinson, E. S. (1983). Germ cell development in female pouch young of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). J. Reprod. Fertil. 67, 319–325.
| Germ cell development in female pouch young of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 6834329PubMed |
Andergassen, D., Dotter, C. P., Wenzel, D., Sigl, V., Bammer, P. C., Muckenhuber, M., Mayer, D., Kulinski, T. M., Theussl, H. C., Penninger, J. M., Bock, C., Barlow, D. P., Pauler, F. M., and Hudson, Q. J. (2017). Mapping the mouse allelome reveals tissue-specific regulation of allelic expression. eLife 6, e25125.
| Mapping the mouse allelome reveals tissue-specific regulation of allelic expression.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28806168PubMed |
Aziz, A., Baxter, E. J., Edwards, C., Cheong, C. Y., Ito, M., Bench, A., Kelley, R., Silber, Y., Beer, P. A., Chng, K., et al. (2013). Cooperativity of imprinted genes inactivated by acquired chromosome 20q deletions. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 2169–2182.
| Cooperativity of imprinted genes inactivated by acquired chromosome 20q deletions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23543057PubMed |
Barlow, D. P. (1993). Methylation and imprinting: from host defense to gene regulation?. Science 260, 309–310.
| Methylation and imprinting: from host defense to gene regulation?.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 8469984PubMed |
Barlow, D. P., Stoger, R., Herrmann, B. G., Saito, K., and Schweifer, N. (1991). The mouse insulin-like growth factor type-2 receptor is imprinted and closely linked to the Tme locus. Nature 349, 84–87.
| The mouse insulin-like growth factor type-2 receptor is imprinted and closely linked to the Tme locus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1845916PubMed |
Bartolomei, M. S., Zemel, S., and Tilghman, S. M. (1991). Parental imprinting of the mouse H19 gene. Nature 351, 153–155.
| Parental imprinting of the mouse H19 gene.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1709450PubMed |
Barton, S. C., Surani, M. A., and Norris, M. L. (1984). Role of paternal and maternal genomes in mouse development. Nature 311, 374–376.
| Role of paternal and maternal genomes in mouse development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 6482961PubMed |
Broad, K. D., and Keverne, E. B. (2011). Placental protection of the fetal brain during short-term food deprivation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 15237–15241.
| Placental protection of the fetal brain during short-term food deprivation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21810990PubMed |
Buiting, K. (2010). Prader–Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. C Semin. Med. Genet. 154C, 365–376.
| Prader–Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20803659PubMed |
Chaillet, J. R., Vogt, T. F., Beier, D. R., and Leder, P. (1991). Parental-specific methylation of an imprinted transgene is established during gametogenesis and progressively changes during embryogenesis. Cell 66, 77–83.
| Parental-specific methylation of an imprinted transgene is established during gametogenesis and progressively changes during embryogenesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1649008PubMed |
Champagne, F. A., Curley, J. P., Swaney, W. T., Hasen, N. S., and Keverne, E. B. (2009). Paternal influence on female behavior: the role of Peg3 in exploration, olfaction, and neuroendocrine regulation of maternal behavior of female mice. Behav. Neurosci. 123, 469–480.
| Paternal influence on female behavior: the role of Peg3 in exploration, olfaction, and neuroendocrine regulation of maternal behavior of female mice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19485553PubMed |
Charalambous, M., Cowley, M., Geoghegan, F., Smith, F. M., Radford, E. J., Marlow, B. P., Graham, C. F., Hurst, L. D., and Ward, A. (2010). Maternally-inherited Grb10 reduces placental size and efficiency. Dev. Biol. 337, 1–8.
| Maternally-inherited Grb10 reduces placental size and efficiency.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19833122PubMed |
Cheong, C. Y., Chng, K., Ng, S., Chew, S. B., Chan, L., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2015). Germline and somatic imprinting in the nonhuman primate highlights species differences in oocyte methylation. Genome Res. 25, 611–623.
| Germline and somatic imprinting in the nonhuman primate highlights species differences in oocyte methylation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25862382PubMed |
Cleaton, M. A. M., Edwards, C. A., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2014). Phenotypic outcomes of imprinted gene models in mice: elucidation of pre- and postnatal functions of imprinted genes. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 15, 93–126.
| Phenotypic outcomes of imprinted gene models in mice: elucidation of pre- and postnatal functions of imprinted genes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cleaton, M. A. M., Dent, C. L., Howard, M., Corish, J. A., Gutteridge, I., Sovio, U., Gaccioli, F., Takahashi, N., Bauer, S. R., Charnock-Jones, D. S., Powell, T. L., Smith, G. C. S., Ferguson-Smith, A. C., and Charalambous, M. (2016). Fetus-derived DLK1 is required for maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and is associated with fetal growth restriction. Nat. Genet. 48, 1473–1480.
| Fetus-derived DLK1 is required for maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and is associated with fetal growth restriction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Coan, P. M., Burton, G. J., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2005). Imprinted genes in the placenta – a review. Placenta 26, S10–S20.
| Imprinted genes in the placenta – a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15837057PubMed |
Constância, M., Hemberger, M., Hughes, J., Dean, W., Ferguson-Smith, A., Fundele, R., Stewart, F., Kelsey, G., Fowden, A., Sibley, C., and Reik, W. (2002). Placental-specific IGF-II is a major modulator of placental and fetal growth. Nature 417, 945–948.
| Placental-specific IGF-II is a major modulator of placental and fetal growth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12087403PubMed |
Constância, M., Angiolini, E., Sandovici, I., Smith, P., Smith, R., Kelsey, G., Dean, W., Ferguson-Smith, A., Sibley, C. P., Reik, W., and Fowden, A. (2005). Adaptation of nutrient supply to fetal demand in the mouse involves interaction between the Igf2 gene and placental transporter systems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 19219–19224.
| Adaptation of nutrient supply to fetal demand in the mouse involves interaction between the Igf2 gene and placental transporter systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16365304PubMed |
Cowley, M., Garfield, A. S., Madon-Simon, M., Charalambous, M., Clarkson, R. W., Smalley, M. J., Kendrick, H., Isles, A. R., Parry, A. J., Carney, S., Oakey, R. J., Heisler, L. K., Moorwood, K., Wolf, J. B., and Ward, A. (2014). Developmental programming mediated by complementary roles of imprinted Grb10 in mother and pup. PLoS Biol. 12, e1001799.
| Developmental programming mediated by complementary roles of imprinted Grb10 in mother and pup.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24586114PubMed |
Curley, J. P., Barton, S., Surani, A., and Keverne, E. B. (2004). Coadaptation in mother and infant regulated by a paternally expressed imprinted gene. Proc. Biol. Sci. 271, 1303–1309.
| Coadaptation in mother and infant regulated by a paternally expressed imprinted gene.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15306355PubMed |
Dao, D., Frank, D., Qian, N., O’Keefe, D., Vosatka, R. J., Walsh, C. P., and Tycko, B. (1998). IMPT1, an imprinted gene similar to polyspecific transporter and multi-drug resistance genes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 597–608.
| IMPT1, an imprinted gene similar to polyspecific transporter and multi-drug resistance genes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 9499412PubMed |
Das, R., Anderson, N., Koran, M. I., Weidman, J. R., Mikkelsen, T. S., Kamal, M., Murphy, S. K., Linblad-Toh, K., Greally, J. M., and Jirtle, R. L. (2012). Convergent and divergent evolution of genomic imprinting in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica. BMC Genomics 13, 394.
| Convergent and divergent evolution of genomic imprinting in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22899817PubMed |
DeChiara, T. M., Robertson, E. J., and Efstratiadis, A. (1991). Parental imprinting of the mouse insulin-like growth factor II gene. Cell 64, 849–859.
| Parental imprinting of the mouse insulin-like growth factor II gene.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1997210PubMed |
Deltour, L., Montagutelli, X., Guenet, J. L., Jami, J., and Páldi, A. (1995). Tissue- and developmental stage-specific imprinting of the mouse proinsulin gene, Ins2. Dev. Biol. 168, 686–688.
| Tissue- and developmental stage-specific imprinting of the mouse proinsulin gene, Ins2.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 7729600PubMed |
Denizot, A. L., Besson, V., Correra, R. M., Mazzola, A., Lopes, I., Courbard, J. R., Marazzi, G., and Sassoon, D. A. (2016). A novel mutant allele of Pw1/Peg3 does not affect maternal behavior or nursing behavior. PLoS Genet. 12, e1006053.
| A novel mutant allele of Pw1/Peg3 does not affect maternal behavior or nursing behavior.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27187722PubMed |
Dindot, S. V., Kent, K. C., Evers, B., Loskutoff, N., Womack, J., and Piedrahita, J. A. (2004). Conservation of genomic imprinting at the XIST, IGF2, and GTL2 loci in the bovine. Mamm. Genome 15, 966–974.
| Conservation of genomic imprinting at the XIST, IGF2, and GTL2 loci in the bovine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15599555PubMed |
Edwards, C. A., Mungall, A. J., Matthews, L., Ryder, E., Gray, D. J., Pask, A. J., Shaw, G., Graves, J. A., Rogers, J., Dunham, I., Renfree, M. B., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2008). The evolution of the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain in mammals. PLoS Biol. 6, e135.
| The evolution of the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain in mammals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18532878PubMed |
Evans, H. K., Weidman, J. R., Cowley, D. O., and Jirtle, R. L. (2005). Comparative phylogenetic analysis of blcap/nnat reveals eutherian-specific imprinted gene. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 1740–1748.
| Comparative phylogenetic analysis of blcap/nnat reveals eutherian-specific imprinted gene.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15901842PubMed |
Ferguson-Smith, A. C., Cattanach, B. M., Barton, S. C., Beechey, C. V., and Surani, M. A. (1991). Embryological and molecular investigations of parental imprinting on mouse chromosome 7. Nature 351, 667–670.
| Embryological and molecular investigations of parental imprinting on mouse chromosome 7.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 2052093PubMed |
Filson, A. J., Louvi, A., Efstratiadis, A., and Robertson, E. J. (1993). Rescue of the T-associated maternal effect in mice carrying null mutations in Igf-2 and Igf2r, two reciprocally imprinted genes. Development 118, 731–736.
| 8076514PubMed |
Fitzpatrick, G. V., Soloway, P. D., and Higgins, M. J. (2002). Regional loss of imprinting and growth deficiency in mice with a targeted deletion of KvDMR1. Nat. Genet. 32, 426–431.
| Regional loss of imprinting and growth deficiency in mice with a targeted deletion of KvDMR1.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12410230PubMed |
Frank, D., Fortino, W., Clark, L., Musalo, R., Wang, W., Saxena, A., Li, C. M., Reik, W., Ludwig, T., and Tycko, B. (2002). Placental overgrowth in mice lacking the imprinted gene Ipl. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 7490–7495.
| Placental overgrowth in mice lacking the imprinted gene Ipl.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12032310PubMed |
Frey, W. D., and Kim, J. (2015). Tissue-specific contributions of paternally expressed gene 3 in lactation and maternal care of Mus musculus. PLoS One 10, e0144459.
| Tissue-specific contributions of paternally expressed gene 3 in lactation and maternal care of Mus musculus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26640945PubMed |
Gabory, A., Ripoche, M. A., Le Digarcher, A., Watrin, F., Ziyyat, A., Forne, T., Jammes, H., Ainscough, J. F., Surani, M. A., Journot, L., and Dandolo, L. (2009). H19 acts as a trans regulator of the imprinted gene network controlling growth in mice. Development 136, 3413–3421.
| H19 acts as a trans regulator of the imprinted gene network controlling growth in mice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19762426PubMed |
Garfield, A. S., Cowley, M., Smith, F. M., Moorwood, K., Stewart-Cox, J. E., Gilroy, K., Baker, S., Xia, J., Dalley, J. W., Hurst, L. D., Wilkinson, L. S., Isles, A. R., and Ward, A. (2011). Distinct physiological and behavioural functions for parental alleles of imprinted Grb10. Nature 469, 534–538.
| Distinct physiological and behavioural functions for parental alleles of imprinted Grb10.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21270893PubMed |
Georgiades, P., Watkins, M., Surani, M. A., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2000). Parental origin-specific developmental defects in mice with uniparental disomy for chromosome 12. Development 127, 4719–4728.
| 11023874PubMed |
Georgiades, P., Watkins, M., Burton, G. J., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2001). Roles for genomic imprinting and the zygotic genome in placental development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 4522–4527.
| Roles for genomic imprinting and the zygotic genome in placental development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11274372PubMed |
Guernsey, M. W., Chuong, E. B., Cornelis, G., Renfree, M. B., and Baker, J. C. (2017). Molecular conservation of marsupial and eutherian placentation and lactation. eLife 6, e27450.
| Molecular conservation of marsupial and eutherian placentation and lactation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28895534PubMed |
Guillemot, F., Nagy, A., Auerbach, A., Rossant, J., and Joyner, A. L. (1994). Essential role of Mash-2 in extraembryonic development. Nature 371, 333–336.
| Essential role of Mash-2 in extraembryonic development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 8090202PubMed |
Hajkova, P., Erhardt, S., Lane, N., Haaf, T., El-Maarri, O., Reik, W., Walter, J., and Surani, M. A. (2002). Epigenetic reprogramming in mouse primordial germ cells. Mech. Dev. 117, 15–23.
| Epigenetic reprogramming in mouse primordial germ cells.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12204247PubMed |
Hayssen, V., Lacy, R. C., and Parker, P. J. (1985). Metatherian reproduction: transitional or transcending?. Am. Nat. 126, 617–632.
| Metatherian reproduction: transitional or transcending?.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Huntley, S., Baggott, D. M., Hamilton, A. T., Tran-Gyamfi, M., Yang, S., Kim, J., Gordon, L., Branscomb, E., and Stubbs, L. (2006). A comprehensive catalog of human KRAB-associated zinc finger genes: insights into the evolutionary history of a large family of transcriptional repressors. Genome Res. 16, 669–677.
| A comprehensive catalog of human KRAB-associated zinc finger genes: insights into the evolutionary history of a large family of transcriptional repressors.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16606702PubMed |
Imbeault, M., Helleboid, P.-Y., and Trono, D. (2017). KRAB zinc-finger proteins contribute to the evolution of gene regulatory networks. Nature 543, 550–554.
| KRAB zinc-finger proteins contribute to the evolution of gene regulatory networks.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28273063PubMed |
Inoue, A., Jiang, L., Lu, F., Suzuki, T., and Zhang, Y. (2017). Maternal H3K27me3 controls DNA methylation-independent imprinting. Nature 547, 419–424.
| Maternal H3K27me3 controls DNA methylation-independent imprinting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28723896PubMed |
Ioannides, Y., Lokulo-Sodipe, K., Mackay, D. J. G., Davies, J. H., and Temple, I. K. (2014). Temple syndrome: improving the recognition of an underdiagnosed chromosome 14 imprinting disorder: an analysis of 51 published cases. J. Med. Genet. 51, 495–501.
| Temple syndrome: improving the recognition of an underdiagnosed chromosome 14 imprinting disorder: an analysis of 51 published cases.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24891339PubMed |
Issa, J. P., Vertino, P. M., Boehm, C. D., Newsham, I. F., and Baylin, S. B. (1996). Switch from monoallelic to biallelic human IGF2 promoter methylation during aging and carcinogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 11757–11762.
| Switch from monoallelic to biallelic human IGF2 promoter methylation during aging and carcinogenesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 8876210PubMed |
Ito, M., Sferruzzi-Perri, A. N., Edwards, C. A., Adalsteinsson, B. T., Allen, S. E., Loo, T.-H., Kitazawa, M., Kaneko-Ishino, T., Ishino, F., Stewart, C. L., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2015). A trans-homologue interaction between reciprocally imprinted miR-127 and Rtl1 regulates placenta development. Development 142, 2425–2430.
| A trans-homologue interaction between reciprocally imprinted miR-127 and Rtl1 regulates placenta development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26138477PubMed |
Jacobs, F. M. J., Greenberg, D., Nguyen, N., Haeussler, M., Ewing, A. D., Katzman, S., Paten, B., Salama, S. R., and Haussler, D. (2014). An evolutionary arms race between KRAB zinc-finger genes ZNF91/93 and SVA/L1 retrotransposons. Nature 516, 242–245.
| An evolutionary arms race between KRAB zinc-finger genes ZNF91/93 and SVA/L1 retrotransposons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
John, R. M. (2013). Epigenetic regulation of placental endocrine lineages and complications of pregnancy. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 41, 701–709.
| Epigenetic regulation of placental endocrine lineages and complications of pregnancy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23697929PubMed |
Kagami, M., Kurosawa, K., Miyazaki, O., Ishino, F., Matsuoka, K., and Ogata, T. (2015). Comprehensive clinical studies in 34 patients with molecularly defined UPD(14)pat and related conditions (Kagami–Ogata syndrome). Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 23, 1488–1498.
| Comprehensive clinical studies in 34 patients with molecularly defined UPD(14)pat and related conditions (Kagami–Ogata syndrome).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25689926PubMed |
Kaneko-Ishino, T., Kuroiwa, Y., Miyoshi, N., Kohda, T., Suzuki, R., Yokoyama, M., Viville, S., Barton, S. C., Ishino, F., and Surani, M. A. (1995). Peg1/Mest imprinted gene on chromosome 6 identified by cDNA subtraction hybridization. Nat. Genet. 11, 52–59.
| Peg1/Mest imprinted gene on chromosome 6 identified by cDNA subtraction hybridization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 7550314PubMed |
Karolchik, D., Hinrichs, A. S., and Kent, W. J. (2012). The UCSC genome browser. Current Protocols in Bioinformatics 40(1) 1.4.1–1.4.33.
Keverne, E. B., and Curley, J. P. (2008). Epigenetics, brain evolution and behaviour. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 29, 398–412.
| Epigenetics, brain evolution and behaviour.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18439660PubMed |
Killian, J. K., Byrd, J. C., Jirtle, J. V., Munday, B. L., Stoskopf, M. K., MacDonald, R. G., and Jirtle, R. L. (2000). M6P/IGF2R imprinting evolution in mammals. Mol. Cell 5, 707–716.
| M6P/IGF2R imprinting evolution in mammals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 10882106PubMed |
Killian, J. K., Nolan, C. M., Stewart, N., Munday, B. L., Andersen, N. A., Nicol, S., and Jirtle, R. L. (2001). Monotreme IGF2 expression and ancestral origin of genomic imprinting. J. Exp. Zool. 291, 205–212.
| Monotreme IGF2 expression and ancestral origin of genomic imprinting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11479919PubMed |
Kobayashi, H., Sakurai, T., Imai, M., Takahashi, N., Fukuda, A., Yayoi, O., Sato, S., Nakabayashi, K., Hata, K., Sotomaru, Y., Suzuki, Y., and Kono, T. (2012). Contribution of intragenic DNA methylation in mouse gametic DNA methylomes to establish oocyte-specific heritable marks. PLoS Genet. 8, e1002440.
| Contribution of intragenic DNA methylation in mouse gametic DNA methylomes to establish oocyte-specific heritable marks.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22242016PubMed |
Lau, M. M., Stewart, C. E., Liu, Z., Bhatt, H., Rotwein, P., and Stewart, C. L. (1994). Loss of the imprinted IGF2/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor results in fetal overgrowth and perinatal lethality. Genes Dev. 8, 2953–2963.
| Loss of the imprinted IGF2/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor results in fetal overgrowth and perinatal lethality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 8001817PubMed |
Lefebvre, L., Viville, S., Barton, S. C., Ishino, F., Keverne, E. B., and Surani, M. A. (1998). Abnormal maternal behaviour and growth retardation associated with loss of the imprinted gene Mest. Nat. Genet. 20, 163–169.
| Abnormal maternal behaviour and growth retardation associated with loss of the imprinted gene Mest.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 9771709PubMed |
Lewis, A., Mitsuya, K., Umlauf, D., Smith, P., Dean, W., Walter, J., Higgins, M., Feil, R., and Reik, W. (2004). Imprinting on distal chromosome 7 in the placenta involves repressive histone methylation independent of DNA methylation. Nat. Genet. 36, 1291–1295.
| Imprinting on distal chromosome 7 in the placenta involves repressive histone methylation independent of DNA methylation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15516931PubMed |
Li, L.-L., Keverne, E. B., Aparicio, S. A., Ishino, F., Barton, S. C., and Surani, M. A. (1999). Regulation of maternal behavior and offspring growth by paternally expressed Peg3. Science 284, 330–334.
| Regulation of maternal behavior and offspring growth by paternally expressed Peg3.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Li, X., Ito, M., Zhou, F., Youngson, N., Zuo, X., Leder, P., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2008). A maternal–zygotic effect gene, Zfp57, maintains both maternal and paternal imprints. Dev. Cell 15, 547–557.
| A maternal–zygotic effect gene, Zfp57, maintains both maternal and paternal imprints.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18854139PubMed |
Lopez, M. F., Dikkes, P., Zurakowski, D., and Villa-Komaroff, L. (1996). Insulin-like growth factor II affects the appearance and glycogen content of glycogen cells in the murine placenta. Endocrinology 137, 2100–2108.
| Insulin-like growth factor II affects the appearance and glycogen content of glycogen cells in the murine placenta.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 8612553PubMed |
Malven, P. V., Head, H. H., Collier, R. J., and Buonomo, F. C. (1987). Periparturient changes in secretion and mammary uptake of insulin and in concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factors in milk of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 70, 2254–2265.
| Periparturient changes in secretion and mammary uptake of insulin and in concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factors in milk of dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 3320114PubMed |
McGrath, J., and Solter, D. (1984). Completion of mouse embryogenesis requires both the maternal and paternal genomes. Cell 37, 179–183.
| Completion of mouse embryogenesis requires both the maternal and paternal genomes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 6722870PubMed |
Menzies, B. R., Pask, A. J., and Renfree, M. B. (2011). Placental expression of pituitary hormones is an ancestral feature of therian mammals. Evodevo 2, 16.
| Placental expression of pituitary hormones is an ancestral feature of therian mammals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21854600PubMed |
Monk, D. (2015). Genomic imprinting in the human placenta. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 213, S152–S162.
| Genomic imprinting in the human placenta.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26428495PubMed |
Moore, T., and Haig, D. (1991). Genomic imprinting in mammalian development: a parental tug-of-war. Trends Genet. 7, 45–49.
| Genomic imprinting in mammalian development: a parental tug-of-war.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 2035190PubMed |
Moore, G. E., Abu-Amero, S. N., Bell, G., Wakeling, E. L., Kingsnorth, A., Stanier, P., Jauniaux, E., and Bennett, S. T. (2001). Evidence that insulin is imprinted in the human yolk sac. Diabetes 50, 199–203.
| Evidence that insulin is imprinted in the human yolk sac.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11147788PubMed |
Nicholls, R. D., and Knepper, J. L. (2001). Genome organization, function, and imprinting in Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2, 153–175.
| Genome organization, function, and imprinting in Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11701647PubMed |
O’Leary, M. A., Bloch, J. I., Flynn, J. J., Gaudin, T. J., Giallombardo, A., Giannini, N. P., Goldberg, S. L., Kraatz, B. P., Luo, Z. X., Meng, J., et al. (2013). The placental mammal ancestor and the Post-K-Pg radiation of placentals. Science 339, 662–667.
| The placental mammal ancestor and the Post-K-Pg radiation of placentals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23393258PubMed |
O’Neill, M. J., Ingram, R. S., Vrana, P. B., and Tilghman, S. M. (2000). Allelic expression of IGF2 in marsupials and birds. Dev. Genes Evol. 210, 18–20.
| Allelic expression of IGF2 in marsupials and birds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 10603082PubMed |
Ono, R., Kobayashi, S., Wagatsuma, H., Aisaka, K., Kohda, T., Kaneko-Ishino, T., and Ishino, F. (2001). A retrotransposon-derived gene, PEG10, is a novel imprinted gene located on human chromosome 7q21. Genomics 73, 232–237.
| A retrotransposon-derived gene, PEG10, is a novel imprinted gene located on human chromosome 7q21.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11318613PubMed |
Ono, R., Shiura, H., Aburatani, H., Kohda, T., Kaneko-Ishino, T., and Ishino, F. (2003). Identification of a large novel imprinted gene cluster on mouse proximal chromosome 6. Genome Res. 13, 1696–1705.
| Identification of a large novel imprinted gene cluster on mouse proximal chromosome 6.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12840045PubMed |
Ono, R., Nakamura, K., Inoue, K., Naruse, M., Usami, T., Wakisaka-Saito, N., Hino, T., Suzuki-Migishima, R., Ogonuki, N., Miki, H., Kohda, T., Ogura, A., Yokoyama, M., Kaneko-Ishino, T., and Ishino, F. (2006). Deletion of Peg10, an imprinted gene acquired from a retrotransposon, causes early embryonic lethality. Nat. Genet. 38, 101–106.
| Deletion of Peg10, an imprinted gene acquired from a retrotransposon, causes early embryonic lethality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16341224PubMed |
Power, M. L., and Schulkin, J. (2013). Maternal regulation of offspring development in mammals is an ancient adaptation tied to lactation. Appl. Transl. Genom. 2, 55–63.
| Maternal regulation of offspring development in mammals is an ancient adaptation tied to lactation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27896056PubMed |
Prosser, C. G. (1996). Insulin-like growth factors in milk and mammary gland. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 1, 297–306.
| Insulin-like growth factors in milk and mammary gland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 10887503PubMed |
Quenneville, S., Turelli, P., Bojkowska, K., Raclot, C., Offner, S., Kapopoulou, A., and Trono, D. (2012). The KRAB-ZFP/KAP1 system contributes to the early embryonic establishment of site-specific DNA methylation patterns maintained during development. Cell Reports 2, 766–773.
| The KRAB-ZFP/KAP1 system contributes to the early embryonic establishment of site-specific DNA methylation patterns maintained during development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23041315PubMed |
Rapkins, R. W., Hore, T., Smithwick, M., Ager, E., Pask, A. J., Renfree, M. B., Kohn, M., Hameister, H., Nicholls, R. D., Deakin, J. E., and Graves, J. A. (2006). Recent assembly of an imprinted domain from non-imprinted components. PLoS Genet. 2, e182.
| Recent assembly of an imprinted domain from non-imprinted components.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17069464PubMed |
Reik, W., Collick, A., Norris, M. L., Barton, S. C., and Surani, M. A. (1987). Genomic imprinting determines methylation of parental alleles in transgenic mice. Nature 328, 248–251.
| Genomic imprinting determines methylation of parental alleles in transgenic mice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 3600805PubMed |
Reik, W., Constancia, M., Fowden, A., Anderson, N., Dean, W., Ferguson-Smith, A., Tycko, B., and Sibley, C. (2003). Regulation of supply and demand for maternal nutrients in mammals by imprinted genes. J. Physiol. 547, 35–44.
| Regulation of supply and demand for maternal nutrients in mammals by imprinted genes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12562908PubMed |
Renfree, M. B., O, W. S., Short, R. V., and Shaw, G. (1996). Sexual differentiation of the urogenital system of the fetal and neonatal tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii. Anat. Embryol. (Berl.) 194, 111–134.
| Sexual differentiation of the urogenital system of the fetal and neonatal tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 8827321PubMed |
Renfree, M. B., Suzuki, S., and Kaneko-Ishino, T. (2013). The origin and evolution of genomic imprinting and viviparity in mammals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 368, 20120151.
| The origin and evolution of genomic imprinting and viviparity in mammals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23166401PubMed |
Ripoche, M. A., Kress, C., Poirier, F., and Dandolo, L. (1997). Deletion of the H19 transcription unit reveals the existence of a putative imprinting control element. Genes Dev. 11, 1596–1604.
| Deletion of the H19 transcription unit reveals the existence of a putative imprinting control element.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 9203585PubMed |
Sapienza, C., Peterson, A. C., Rossant, J., and Balling, R. (1987). Degree of methylation of transgenes is dependent on gamete of origin. Nature 328, 251–254.
| Degree of methylation of transgenes is dependent on gamete of origin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 3600806PubMed |
Sasaki, H., Hamada, T., Ueda, T., Seki, R., Higashinakagawa, T., and Sakaki, Y. (1991). Inherited type of allelic methylation variations in a mouse chromosome region where an integrated transgene shows methylation imprinting. Development 111, 573–581.
| 1680050PubMed |
Schaller, F., Watrin, F., Sturny, R., Massacrier, A., Szepetowski, P., and Muscatelli, F. (2010). A single postnatal injection of oxytocin rescues the lethal feeding behaviour in mouse newborns deficient for the imprinted Magel2 gene. Hum. Mol. Genet. 19, 4895–4905.
| A single postnatal injection of oxytocin rescues the lethal feeding behaviour in mouse newborns deficient for the imprinted Magel2 gene.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20876615PubMed |
Seitz, H., Youngson, N., Lin, S. P., Dalbert, S., Paulsen, M., Bachellerie, J. P., Ferguson-Smith, A. C., and Cavaille, J. (2003). Imprinted microRNA genes transcribed antisense to a reciprocally imprinted retrotransposon-like gene. Nat. Genet. 34, 261–262.
| Imprinted microRNA genes transcribed antisense to a reciprocally imprinted retrotransposon-like gene.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12796779PubMed |
Sekita, Y., Wagatsuma, H., Nakamura, K., Ono, R., Kagami, M., Wakisaka, N., Hino, T., Suzuki-Migishima, R., Kohda, T., Ogura, A., Ogata, T., Yokoyama, M., Kaneko-Ishino, T., and Ishino, F. (2008). Role of retrotransposon-derived imprinted gene, Rtl1, in the feto–maternal interface of mouse placenta. Nat. Genet. 40, 243–248.
| Role of retrotransposon-derived imprinted gene, Rtl1, in the feto–maternal interface of mouse placenta.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18176565PubMed |
Sibley, C. P., Coan, P. M., Ferguson-Smith, A. C., Dean, W., Hughes, J., Smith, P., Reik, W., Burton, G. J., Fowden, A. L., and Constancia, M. (2004). Placental-specific insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) regulates the diffusional exchange characteristics of the mouse placenta. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8204–8208.
| Placental-specific insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) regulates the diffusional exchange characteristics of the mouse placenta.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15150410PubMed |
Smits, G., Mungall, A. J., Griffiths-Jones, S., Smith, P., Beury, D., Matthews, L., Rogers, J., Pask, A. J., Shaw, G., VandeBerg, J. L., McCarrey, J. R., Renfree, M. B., Reik, W., and Dunham, I. (2008). Conservation of the H19 noncoding RNA and H19-IGF2 imprinting mechanism in therians. Nat. Genet. 40, 971–976.
| Conservation of the H19 noncoding RNA and H19-IGF2 imprinting mechanism in therians.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18587395PubMed |
Stringer, J. M., Suzuki, S., Pask, A. J., Shaw, G., and Renfree, M. B. (2012a). GRB10 imprinting is eutherian mammal specific. Mol. Biol. Evol. 29, 3711–3719.
| GRB10 imprinting is eutherian mammal specific.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22787282PubMed |
Stringer, J. M., Suzuki, S., Pask, A. J., Shaw, G., and Renfree, M. B. (2012b). Promoter-specific expression and imprint status of marsupial IGF2. PLoS One 7, e41690.
| Promoter-specific expression and imprint status of marsupial IGF2.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22848567PubMed |
Stringer, J. M., Suzuki, S., Pask, A. J., Shaw, G., and Renfree, M. B. (2012c). Selected imprinting of INS in the marsupial. Epigenetics Chromatin 5, 14.
| Selected imprinting of INS in the marsupial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22929229PubMed |
Stringer, J. M., Pask, A. J., Shaw, G., and Renfree, M. B. (2014). Post-natal imprinting: evidence from marsupials. Heredity 113, 145–155.
| Post-natal imprinting: evidence from marsupials.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24595366PubMed |
Strogantsev, R., Krueger, F., Yamazawa, K., Shi, H., Gould, P., Goldman-Roberts, M., McEwen, K., Sun, B., Pedersen, R., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2015). Allele-specific binding of ZFP57 in the epigenetic regulation of imprinted and non-imprinted monoallelic expression. Genome Biol. 16, 112.
| Allele-specific binding of ZFP57 in the epigenetic regulation of imprinted and non-imprinted monoallelic expression.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26025256PubMed |
Surani, M. A. H., and Barton, S. C. (1983). Development of gynogenetic eggs in the mouse: implications for parthenogenetic embryos. Science 222, 1034–1036.
| Development of gynogenetic eggs in the mouse: implications for parthenogenetic embryos.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Surani, M. A., Barton, S. C., and Norris, M. L. (1984). Development of reconstituted mouse eggs suggests imprinting of the genome during gametogenesis. Nature 308, 548–550.
| Development of reconstituted mouse eggs suggests imprinting of the genome during gametogenesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 6709062PubMed |
Suzuki, S., Renfree, M. B., Pask, A. J., Shaw, G., Kobayashi, S., Kohda, T., Kaneko-Ishino, T., and Ishino, F. (2005). Genomic imprinting of IGF2, p57(KIP2) and PEG1/MEST in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby. Mech. Dev. 122, 213–222.
| Genomic imprinting of IGF2, p57(KIP2) and PEG1/MEST in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15652708PubMed |
Suzuki, S., Ono, R., Narita, T., Pask, A. J., Shaw, G., Wang, C., Kohda, T., Alsop, A. E., Marshall Graves, J. A., Kohara, Y., Ishino, F., Renfree, M. B., and Kaneko-Ishino, T. (2007). Retrotransposon silencing by DNA methylation can drive mammalian genomic imprinting. PLoS Genet. 3, e55.
| Retrotransposon silencing by DNA methylation can drive mammalian genomic imprinting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17432937PubMed |
Suzuki, S., Shaw, G., Kaneko-Ishino, T., Ishino, F., and Renfree, M. B. (2011). Characterisation of marsupial PHLDA2 reveals eutherian specific acquisition of imprinting. BMC Evol. Biol. 11, 244.
| Characterisation of marsupial PHLDA2 reveals eutherian specific acquisition of imprinting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21854573PubMed |
Suzuki, S., Shaw, G., and Renfree, M. B. (2013). Postnatal epigenetic reprogramming in the germline of a marsupial, the tammar wallaby. Epigenetics Chromatin 6, 14.
| Postnatal epigenetic reprogramming in the germline of a marsupial, the tammar wallaby.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23732002PubMed |
Swain, J. L., Stewart, T. A., and Leder, P. (1987). Parental legacy determines methylation and expression of an autosomal transgene: a molecular mechanism for parental imprinting. Cell 50, 719–727.
| Parental legacy determines methylation and expression of an autosomal transgene: a molecular mechanism for parental imprinting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 3040259PubMed |
Takahashi, K., Kobayashi, T., and Kanayama, N. (2000). p57(Kip2) regulates the proper development of labyrinthine and spongiotrophoblasts. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 6, 1019–1025.
| p57(Kip2) regulates the proper development of labyrinthine and spongiotrophoblasts.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11044465PubMed |
Takahashi, N., Gray, D., Strogantsev, R., Noon, A., Delahaye, C., Skarnes, W. C., Tate, P. H., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2015). ZFP57 and the targeted maintenance of postfertilization genomic imprints. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 80, 177–187.
| ZFP57 and the targeted maintenance of postfertilization genomic imprints.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27325708PubMed |
Temple, I. K., Gardner, R. J., Mackay, D. J. G., Barber, J. C. K., Robinson, D. O., and Shield, J. P. H. (2000). Transient neonatal diabetes: widening the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of diabetes. Diabetes 49, 1359–1366.
| Transient neonatal diabetes: widening the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of diabetes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 10923638PubMed |
Tunster, S. J., Creeth, H. D. J., and John, R. M. (2016). The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources. Dev. Biol. 409, 251–260.
| The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26476147PubMed |
Ullmann, S. L., Shaw, G., Alcorn, G. T., and Renfree, M. B. (1997). Migration of primordial germ cells to the developing gonadal ridges in the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii. J. Reprod. Fertil. 110, 135–143.
| Migration of primordial germ cells to the developing gonadal ridges in the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 9227367PubMed |
Umlauf, D., Goto, Y., Cao, R., Cerqueira, F., Wagschal, A., Zhang, Y., and Feil, R. (2004). Imprinting along the Kcnq1 domain on mouse chromosome 7 involves repressive histone methylation and recruitment of Polycomb group complexes. Nat. Genet. 36, 1296–1300.
| Imprinting along the Kcnq1 domain on mouse chromosome 7 involves repressive histone methylation and recruitment of Polycomb group complexes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15516932PubMed |
Wang, Z. Q., Fung, M. R., Barlow, D. P., and Wagner, E. F. (1994). Regulation of embryonic growth and lysosomal targeting by the imprinted Igf2/Mpr gene. Nature 372, 464–467.
| Regulation of embryonic growth and lysosomal targeting by the imprinted Igf2/Mpr gene.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 7984240PubMed |
Weidman, J. R., Dolinoy, D. C., Maloney, K. A., Cheng, J. F., and Jirtle, R. L. (2006a). Imprinting of opossum Igf2r in the absence of differential methylation and air. Epigenetics 1, 50–55.
| Imprinting of opossum Igf2r in the absence of differential methylation and air.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Weidman, J. R., Maloney, K. A., and Jirtle, R. L. (2006b). Comparative phylogenetic analysis reveals multiple non-imprinted isoforms of opossum Dlk1. Mamm. Genome 17, 157–167.
| Comparative phylogenetic analysis reveals multiple non-imprinted isoforms of opossum Dlk1.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16465595PubMed |
Weksberg, R., Shuman, C., and Beckwith, J. B. (2010). Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 18, 8–14.
| Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19550435PubMed |
Wilkin, F., Paquette, J., Ledru, E., Mamelin, C., Pollak, M., and Deal, C. L. (2000). H19 sense and antisense transgenes modify insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA levels. Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 4020–4027.
| H19 sense and antisense transgenes modify insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA levels.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 10866801PubMed |
Wolf, J. B., and Brodie, E. D. (1998). The coadaptation of parental and offspring characters. Evolution 52, 299–308.
| The coadaptation of parental and offspring characters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28568322PubMed |
Wolf, D., and Goff, S. P. (2009). Embryonic stem cells use ZFP809 to silence retroviral DNAs. Nature 458, 1201–1204.
| Embryonic stem cells use ZFP809 to silence retroviral DNAs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19270682PubMed |
Wolf, J. B., and Hager, R. (2006). A maternal–offspring coadaptation theory for the evolution of genomic imprinting. PLoS Biol. 4, e380.
| A maternal–offspring coadaptation theory for the evolution of genomic imprinting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17105351PubMed |
Wood, A. J., Roberts, R. G., Monk, D., Moore, G. E., Schulz, R., and Oakey, R. J. (2007). A screen for retrotransposed imprinted genes reveals an association between X chromosome homology and maternal germ-line methylation. PLoS Genet. 3, e20.
| A screen for retrotransposed imprinted genes reveals an association between X chromosome homology and maternal germ-line methylation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17291163PubMed |
Wutz, A., Smrzka, O. W., Schweifer, N., Schellander, K., Wagner, E. F., and Barlow, D. P. (1997). Imprinted expression of the Igf2r gene depends on an intronic CpG island. Nature 389, 745–749.
| Imprinted expression of the Igf2r gene depends on an intronic CpG island.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 9338788PubMed |
Xu, Y. Q., Goodyer, C. G., Deal, C., and Polychronakos, C. (1993). Functional polymorphism in the parental imprinting of the human IGF2R gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197, 747–754.
| Functional polymorphism in the parental imprinting of the human IGF2R gene.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yamasaki-Ishizaki, Y., Kayashima, T., Mapendano, C. K., Soejima, H., Ohta, T., Masuzaki, H., Kinoshita, A., Urano, T., Yoshiura, K.-i., Matsumoto, N., Ishimaru, T., Mukai, T., Niikawa, N., and Kishino, T. (2007). Role of DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in tissue-specific imprinting of mouse Grb10. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 732–742.
| Role of DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in tissue-specific imprinting of mouse Grb10.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17101788PubMed |
Ye, A., He, H., and Kim, J. (2014). Paternally expressed Peg3 controls maternally expressed Zim1 as a trans factor. PLoS One 9, e108596.
| Paternally expressed Peg3 controls maternally expressed Zim1 as a trans factor.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25396734PubMed |
Youngson, N. A., Kocialkowski, S., Peel, N., and Ferguson-Smith, A. C. (2005). A small family of sushi-class retrotransposon-derived genes in mammals and their relation to genomic imprinting. J. Mol. Evol. 61, 481–490.
| A small family of sushi-class retrotransposon-derived genes in mammals and their relation to genomic imprinting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16155747PubMed |
Zwart, R., Sleutels, F., Wutz, A., Schinkel, A. H., and Barlow, D. P. (2001). Bidirectional action of the Igf2r imprint control element on upstream and downstream imprinted genes. Genes Dev. 15, 2361–2366.
| Bidirectional action of the Igf2r imprint control element on upstream and downstream imprinted genes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11562346PubMed |
