Intracellular localisation of platelet-activating factor during mammalian embryo development in vitro: a comparison of cattle, mouse and human
L. T. M. Vandenberghe
A F , B. Heindryckx B , K. Smits A , M. Popovic B , K. Szymanska C , D. Bonte B , L. Peelman D , D. Deforce E , P. De Sutter B , A. Van Soom A and C. De Schauwer A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
B Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
C Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
D Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
E Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
F Corresponding author. Email: lynnt.vandenberghe@ugent.be
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31(4) 658-670 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD18146
Submitted: 18 April 2018 Accepted: 5 October 2018 Published: 21 November 2018
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a well-known marker for embryo quality and viability. For the first time, we describe an intracellular localisation of PAF in oocytes and embryos of cattle, mice and humans. We showed that PAF is represented in the nucleus, a signal that was lost upon nuclear envelope breakdown. This process was confirmed by treating the embryos with nocodazole, a spindle-disrupting agent that, as such, arrests the embryo in mitosis, and by microinjecting a PAF-specific antibody in bovine MII oocytes. The latter resulted in the absence of nuclear PAF in the pronuclei of the zygote and reduced further developmental potential. Previous research indicates that PAF is released and taken up from the culture medium by preimplantation embryos in vitro, in which bovine serum albumin (BSA) serves as a crucial carrier molecule. In the present study we demonstrated that nuclear PAF does not originate from an extracellular source because embryos cultured in polyvinylpyrrolidone or BSA showed similar levels of PAF in their nuclei. Instead, our experiments indicate that cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is likely to be involved in the intracellular production of PAF, because treatment with arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), a specific cPLA2 inhibitor, clearly lowered PAF levels in the nuclei of bovine embryos.
Additional keywords: mitosis, cPLA2, bovine serum albumin, nucleus, lipid mediator, preimplantation embryo.
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