Modification of membrane cholesterol and desmosterol in chicken spermatozoa improves post-thaw survival and prevents impairment of sperm function after cryopreservation
Ai Ushiyama A , Atsushi Tajima B , Naoto Ishikawa B and Atsushi Asano B C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Graduate School for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
B Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
C Corresponding author. Email: asano.atsushi.ft@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30(4) 591-599 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD17076
Submitted: 28 February 2017 Accepted: 16 August 2017 Published: 26 September 2017
Abstract
During cryopreservation, spermatozoa are subjected to cryodamage that leads to a decline in fertilisation ability. Due to the complex nature of this process, the initial trigger for cryodamage remains unknown. Recently, we demonstrated that cryopreservation induces early apoptotic changes characterised by phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation via sterol loss from the plasma membrane of chicken spermatozoa. This led us to hypothesise that sterol incorporation into membranes minimises cryodamage, thereby improving the quality of cryopreserved chicken spermatozoa. In the present study, treating spermatozoa with 1.5 mg mL−1 cholesterol- and 3 mg mL−1 desmosterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC and DLC respectively) increased post-thaw survival and motility. These effects appeared to be highly dependent the amount of sterol loaded into the spermatozoa. Localisation experiments confirmed the incorporation of exogenous cholesterol into the sperm head region. Detection of PS translocation showed that elevation of these sterols inhibited early apoptotic changes, thereby enhancing post-thaw survival. Furthermore, CLC and DLC treatment suppressed spontaneous acrosome reaction after cryopreservation, preserving the ability of spermatozoa to undergo acrosome reactions in response to physiological stimulation. These results demonstrate that loading sterols into chicken spermatozoa before cryopreservation enhances their quality by inhibiting early apoptotic changes and spontaneous acrosome reactions. The present study provides new mechanistic insight into cryodamage in chicken spermatozoa.
Additional keywords: acrosome reaction, cryodamage, fertilization, phosphatidylserine translocation, sterol.
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