Protein in culture and endogenous lipid interact with embryonic stages in vitro to alter calf birthweight after embryo vitrification and warming
E. Gómez A D , S. Carrocera A , S. Uzbekova B , D. Martín A , A. Murillo A , M. Alonso-Guervós C , F. Goyache A and M. Muñoz A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain.
B Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , UMR8 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
C Unidad de Microscopía Fotónica y Proceso de Imágenes, Servicios Científico Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
D Corresponding author. Email: egomez@serida.org
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29(10) 1932-1943 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD16213
Submitted: 24 May 2016 Accepted: 1 November 2016 Published: 28 November 2016
Abstract
Short-term protein removal in vitro improves long-term blastocyst competence to survive vitrification. We investigated the mechanisms and effects underlying protein removal. Day-6 morulae and early blastocysts were cultured individually with and without protein for 24 h. Development and lipid content were analysed in expanded blastocysts derived from morulae (M-XB) and from early blastocysts (EB-XB). Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, stress responses and apoptosis was analysed in fresh and vitrified–warmed M-XB produced with and without protein. Pregnancy rates, birth rates and birthweight (BW) were recorded after transfer of embryos. Day-7 EB-XB production rates (with, 66.9 ± 6.2 and without, 68.8 ± 6.0 protein) were higher than M-XB rates (with, 21.4 ± 4.6 and without, 9.4 ± 4.6 protein; P < 0.005). EB-XB showed fewer lipids than M-XB (P = 0.03). In fresh M-XB, expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1) was lower with (4.1 ± 2.2) than without (13.6 ± 2.2) protein, contrary to results obtained for Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2, Hormone-sensitive lipase and Bcl-2–associated X protein (P < 0.05). Protein did not affect pregnancy rates and birth phenotypes (P > 0.05). However, BW was higher (P < 0.01) in calves born from vitrified M-XB (48.6 ± 3.4 kg) than from EB-XB (39.8 ± 2.9 kg). Such effects were more pronounced in females (P < 0.001). Calves from fresh embryos did not show BW differences. These results indicate that embryonic kinetics and vitrification impact birth phenotypes, at least in females. Alterations might involve exogenous protein and mobilisation of lipid stocks.
Additional keywords: bovine, development kinetics, female, metabolism, pregnancy.
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