IVF provides patients with hope of becoming a parent. Unfortunately, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can develop during the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation steps, interrupting IVF treatment. Kisspeptin-54, a neuropeptid, increases the levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor by reducing the elevated vascular endothelial growth factor, LH and FSH levels in the ovary and may prevent the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome development during the IVF protocol.

Atypical protein serine kinase RIOK3 is involved in cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. The present study demonstrates that RIOK3 significantly increases in the granulosa cells and theca-interstitial cells after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. The up-regulation of RIOK3 is mediated through the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling pathway and requires the synthesis of new protein(s). The temporal stimulation of RIOK3 in the ovary may be important for ovulation and luteinisation.

Fibroblast growth factors are polypeptides involved in the regulation of oogenesis and folliculogenesis by inducing ovarian mitogenic, homeostatic and angiogenic activity. In this study we investigated the immunolocalisation of FGF ligands (FGF1 and FGF2) and receptor (FGFR2) in the rat ovary at pregnancy and the postpartum period. These results indicate that, at pregnancy and the postpartum period, in the rat ovary, FGFs acts as a local regulator of oogenesis, folliculogenesis, follicular atresia, ovulation, the corpus luteum formation and angiogenesis.

Oxidative stress is crucial to female fertility. Resveratrol has a powerful antioxidant function and is used to improve the quality of embryos when it is added in the process of assisted reproduction in in vitro culture or taken orally. In the present study, we show that Res has a protective effect against H₂O₂-induced GCs damage and might be Sirt1-mediated, which made into a feed additive and ROS protection to relieve the OS toxicology in the future.