CASA in invertebrates
Gerhard van der Horst A C , Monique Bennett A and John D. D. Bishop B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
B Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
C Corresponding author. Email: gvdhorst7@gmail.com
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30(6) 907-918 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD17470
Submitted: 1 November 2017 Accepted: 5 February 2018 Published: 9 April 2018
Abstract
Sperm movement has been described in several phyla of invertebrates. Yet, sperm motility has only been quantified using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA-Mot) in externally fertilising species (broadcast spawners) of two phyla, molluscs and echinoderms. In the present study we quantified in detail the nature of the sperm tracks, percentage motility groupings and detailed kinematics of rapid-, medium- and slow-swimming spermatozoa in the oyster Crassostrea gigas and four species never previously studied by CASA-Mot, namely the molluscs Choromytilus meridionalis, Donax serra and Haliotis midae and the echinoderm Parechinus angulosus. A feature common to all these species are the helical tracks, the diameter of which seems to be species specific. Using CASA-Mot, the behaviour of spermatozoa was also studied over time and in the presence of egg water and Ca2+ modulators such as caffeine and procaine hydrochloride. For the first time, we show that hyperactivation can be induced in all species in the presence of egg water (sea water that was mixed with mature eggs and then centrifuged) and/or caffeine, and these hyperactivated sperm tracks were characterised using CASA-Mot. We relate the different patterns of sperm motility and behaviour to reproductive strategies such as broadcast spawning and spermcasting, and briefly review studies using CASA-Mot on other invertebrates.
Additional keywords: hyperactivation, motility, spermatozoa.
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