Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters DNA methylation levels in the endometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period
Pawel Jozef Wydorski
A , Wiktoria Kozlowska A , Ewa Monika Drzewiecka A B , Agata Zmijewska A and Anita Franczak A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
B Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 35(12) 601-613 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD22266
Published online: 4 July 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) emission is increasing due to substantial technological progress. The results of previous research provided evidence that ELF-EMF may exert changes in molecular mechanisms that control female reproduction.
Aims: We hypothesised that short-term ELF-EMF treatment alters the DNA methylation level of genes in the endometrium. Hence, the research aimed to determine the methylation level of selected genes whose expression was altered in response to ELF-EMF radiation in the endometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period (days 15–16 of pregnancy).
Methods: Porcine endometrial slices (100 ± 5 mg) were collected during the peri-implantation period and exposed to ELF-EMF at a frequency of 50 Hz for 2 h in vitro. The control endometrium was not exposed to ELF-EMF. The level of DNA methylation in the promoter regions of EGR2, HSD17B2, ID2, IL1RAP, MRAP2, NOS3, PTGER4, SERPINE1, VDR and ZFP57 was tested using qMS-PCR.
Key results: In the endometrium exposed to ELF-EMF, the level of methylation of HSD17B2, MRAP2, SERPINE1, VDR and ZFP57 was not altered; the level of methylation of EGR2, ID2 and PTGER4 increased, and the level of methylation of IL1RAP and NOS3 decreased.
Conclusions: ELF-EMF may alter the level of DNA methylation in the endometrium during the peri-implantation period.
Implications: Changes in the DNA methylation induced by ELF-EMF may affect the transcriptomic profile of the endometrium and disturb physiological processes accompanying implantation and embryo development.
Keywords: DNA methylation, endometrium, epigenetic, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field, implantation, methyl-specific PCR, pig, reproduction.
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