Hormone treatment does not reliably induce spermiation or mating in Hamilton’s frog from the archaic leiopelmatid lineage
Jennifer M. Germano
A B E , Alison Cree B , Frank Molinia C , Lucia Arregui D and Phillip J. Bishop B †
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Terrestrial Science Unit, Department of Conservation, Nelson, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
B Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
C Ecosystems and Conservation, Maanaki Whenua Landcare Research, Auckland, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
D Laboratorio de Ecofisiologia, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
E Corresponding author. Email: jgermano@doc.govt.nz
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 34(5) 447-452 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD21061
Submitted: 15 February 2021 Accepted: 29 July 2021 Published: 27 August 2021
Abstract
Amidst a global amphibian decline, captive breeding has become an important component of many conservation management programs. Some species fail to readily reproduce in captivity, including leiopelmatid frogs, an archaic lineage endemic to New Zealand. Assisted reproductive technologies can improve the reproductive potential and genetic management of captive programs. Herein we describe efforts to induce spermiation and mating in the threatened Hamilton’s frog Leiopelma hamiltoni using a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist and human chorionic gonadotrophin. The spermiation response was poor, with few individuals releasing spermatozoa and a low sperm concentration (mean (±s.e.) 27.4 ± 8.5 × 103 spermatozoa mL−1) when spermiation was stimulated. The sperm concentration peaked 12–24 h after hormone administration, suggesting this species may be slower to react than other anurans. Spermic urine was present in five males before hormone treatment. The sperm concentration was higher in this group (128.7 ± 54.9 × 103 spermatozoa mL−1) than in the hormone-induced males. All spermatozoa observed exhibited no motility or, at most, a limited swaying movement with no forward progression. In separate hormone induction trials with 60 individuals (two males to one female per trial), no mating was exhibited during the 12 h after treatment. Further studies to hormonally stimulate gamete release and mating are needed in leiopelmatids.
Keywords: amphibian, assisted reproductive technologies, frog, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, human chorionic gonadotrophin, Leiopelma hamiltoni, Leiopelma pakeka, LH-releasing hormone, spermatozoa.
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