Shift from slow- to fast-twitch muscle fibres in skeletal muscle of newborn heterozygous and homozygous myostatin-knockout piglets
Mei-Fu Xuan A B , Zhao-Bo Luo A B , Jun-Xia Wang A B , Qing Guo A B , Sheng-Zhong Han A B , Song-Shan Jin A B , Jin-Dan Kang A B C and Xi-Jun Yin
A B C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
B Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
C Corresponding authors. Emails: kangjindan@hotmail.com; yinxj33@msn.com
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31(10) 1628-1636 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD19103
Submitted: 1 January 2019 Accepted: 17 April 2019 Published: 20 May 2019
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that negatively regulates skeletal muscle development. A lack of MSTN induces muscle hypertrophy and increases formation of fast-twitch (Type II) muscle fibres. This study investigated muscle development in newborn heterozygous (MSTN+/−) and homozygous (MSTN−/−) MSTN-knockout piglets. Detailed morphological and gene and protein expression analyses were performed of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and diaphragm of MSTN+/−, MSTN−/− and wild-type (WT) piglets. Haematoxylin–eosin staining revealed that the cross-sectional area of muscle fibres was significantly larger in MSTN-knockout than WT piglets. ATPase staining demonstrated that the percentage of Type IIb and IIa muscle fibres was significantly higher in MSTN−/− and MSTN+/− piglets respectively than in WT piglets. Western blotting showed that protein expression of myosin heavy chain-I was reduced in muscles of MSTN-knockout piglets. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction revealed that, compared with WT piglets, myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) mRNA expression in muscles was 1.3- to 2-fold higher in MSTN+/− piglets and 1.8- to 3.5-fold higher MSTN−/− piglets (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). However, expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) mRNA in muscles was significantly lower in MSTN+/− than WT piglets (P < 0.05). MSTN plays an important role in skeletal muscle development and regulates muscle fibre type by modulating the gene expression of MyoD and MEF2C in newborn piglets.
Additional keywords: myocyte enhancer factor 2, myogenic regulatory factors, pig.
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