Non-surgical sterilisation methods may offer a sustainable solution to feral horse (Equus caballus) overpopulation
Sally Elizabeth Hall A B , Brett Nixon A and R. John Aitken A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
B Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre, Building 22, University of Canberra, University Drive South, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: sally.e.hall@uon.edu.au
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29(9) 1655-1666 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD16200
Submitted: 13 May 2016 Accepted: 9 September 2016 Published: 5 October 2016
Abstract
Feral horses are a significant pest species in many parts of the world, contributing to land erosion, weed dispersal and the loss of native flora and fauna. There is an urgent need to modify feral horse management strategies to achieve public acceptance and long-term population control. One way to achieve this is by using non-surgical methods of sterilisation, which are suitable in the context of this mobile and long-lived species. In this review we consider the benefits of implementing novel mechanisms designed to elicit a state of permanent sterility (including redox cycling to generate oxidative stress in the gonad, random peptide phage display to target non-renewable germ cells and the generation of autoantibodies against proteins essential for conception via covalent modification) compared with that of traditional immunocontraceptive approaches. The need for a better understanding of mare folliculogenesis and conception factors, including maternal recognition of pregnancy, is also reviewed because they hold considerable potential in providing a non-surgical mechanism for sterilisation. In conclusion, the authors contend that non-surgical measures that are single shot and irreversible may provide a sustainable and effective strategy for feral horse control.
Additional keywords: fertility, immunocontraception, oxidative stress, primordial germ cells, spermatozoa.
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