Free Standard AU & NZ Shipping For All Book Orders Over $80!
Register      Login
Reproduction, Fertility and Development Reproduction, Fertility and Development Society
Vertebrate reproductive science and technology
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Microtubule stabilisers docetaxel and paclitaxel reduce spindle damage and maintain the developmental competence of in vitro-mature bovine oocytes during vitrification

Jakkhaphan Pitchayapipatkul A F , Tamás Somfai B , Satoko Matoba B , Rangsan Parnpai C , Takashi Nagai D , Masaya Geshi B and Thevin Vongpralub E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Faculty of Agriculture, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand.

B Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organisation (NARO) Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.

C Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.

D Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, Taipei 10648, Taiwan.

E Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.

F Corresponding author. Email: jakkhaphan@gmail.com

Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29(10) 2028-2039 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD16193
Submitted: 7 May 2016  Accepted: 10 December 2016   Published: 2 February 2017

Abstract

This study compared the efficacy of docetaxel (DT) and paclitaxel (PT) in reducing spindle damage during vitrification and maintaining the developmental competence of in vitro-matured (IVM) bovine oocytes after vitrification and warming. Pretreatment of IVM oocytes with 0.05 µM DT for 30 min before vitrification resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) rates of oocyte survival and cleavage after IVF, as well as subsequent blastocyst rates on Days 7–9 and hatching on Days 8–9, compared with oocytes pretreated with 1.0 µM PT before vitrification or those vitrified without pretreatment. When nuclear status and spindle morphology of vitrified oocytes were assess after warming by immunostaining, DT pretreatment before vitrification resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage of oocytes at the MII stage with a normal, intact spindle compared with PT pretreatment or no pretreatment, but the percentage of MII oocytes was still significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the control group. Pretreatment of IVM bovine oocytes with 0.05 µM DT or 1.0 µM PT for 30 min before vitrification reduces spindle damage to the same extent, without side effects on fertilisation and development. Pretreatment with 0.05 µM DT improved the developmental competence of vitrified–warmed oocytes to a greater degree than 1.0 µM PT pretreatment.

Additional keywords: cattle, cryotolerance, cytoskeleton, disassembly, freezing, germplasm, metaphase II, taxanes.


References

Abràmoff, M. D., Magalhães, P. J., and Ram, S. J. (2004). Image processing with ImageJ. Biophoton. Int. 11, 36–42.

Aman, R. R., and Parks, J. E. (1994). Effects of cooling and rewarming on the meiotic spindle and chromosomes of in vitro-matured bovine oocytes. Biol. Reprod. 50, 103–110.
Effects of cooling and rewarming on the meiotic spindle and chromosomes of in vitro-matured bovine oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7ks1WqsQ%3D%3D&md5=9893857fdee5da01d59f9858c213e414CAS |

Carroll, J., Depypere, H., and Matthews, C. D. (1990). Freeze–thaw-induced changes of the zona pellucida explains decreased rates of fertilization in frozen–thawed mouse oocytes. J. Reprod. Fertil. 90, 547–553.
Freeze–thaw-induced changes of the zona pellucida explains decreased rates of fertilization in frozen–thawed mouse oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2Fms1artw%3D%3D&md5=04a8b3255977729c072abeef2dc9e96dCAS |

Chasombat, J., Nagai, T., Parnpai, R., and Vongpralub, T. (2015). Pretreatment of in vitro matured bovine oocytes with docetaxel before vitrification: effects on cytoskeleton integrity and developmental ability after warming. Cryobiology 71, 216–223.
Pretreatment of in vitro matured bovine oocytes with docetaxel before vitrification: effects on cytoskeleton integrity and developmental ability after warming.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXht1SgtL7I&md5=ed9a86a36713ccdcf8d6c6deb563bcdaCAS |

Chen, J.-Y., Li, X.-X., Xu, Y.-K., Wu, H., Zheng, J.-J., and Yu, X.-L. (2014). Developmental competence and gene expression of immature oocytes following liquid helium vitrification in bovine. Cryobiology 69, 428–433.
Developmental competence and gene expression of immature oocytes following liquid helium vitrification in bovine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhslGrsLzK&md5=25db40e39981d4c8049a66dcdbf8879bCAS |

Clarke, S. J., and Rivory, L. P. (1999). Clinical pharmacokinetics of docetaxel. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 36, 99–114.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of docetaxel.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitFCntL0%3D&md5=1ae106ee0572e5a2df4dc1ef4b00c2f1CAS |

Coy, P., Grullon, L., Canovas, S., Romar, R., Matas, C., and Aviles, M. (2008). Hardening of the zona pellucida of unfertilized eggs can reduce polyspermic fertilization in the pig and cow. Reproduction 135, 19–27.
Hardening of the zona pellucida of unfertilized eggs can reduce polyspermic fertilization in the pig and cow.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhs1CksLw%3D&md5=3b582c57e1ed3279d741f7354f2a0572CAS |

Cui, W., Zhang, J., Lian, H.-Y., Wang, H.-L., Miao, D.-Q., Zhang, C.-X., Luo, M.-J., and Tan, J.-H. (2012). Roles of MAPK and spindle assembly checkpoint in spontaneous activation and MIII arrest of rat oocytes. PLoS One 7, e32044.
Roles of MAPK and spindle assembly checkpoint in spontaneous activation and MIII arrest of rat oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjsFykurs%3D&md5=23ee84d49487ed9db806b46f485c6cd4CAS |

Cui, W., Zhang, J., Zhang, C–X., Jiao, G-Z., Zhang, M., Wang, T-Y., Luo, M-J., and Tan, J-H. (2013). Control of spontaneous activation of rat oocytes by regulating plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activities. Biol. Reprod. 88, 160.
Control of spontaneous activation of rat oocytes by regulating plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

De Munck, N., Petrussa, L., Verheyen, G., Staessen, C., Vandeskelde, Y., Sterckx, J., Bocken, G., Jacobs, K., Stoop, D., De Rycke, D., and Van de Velde, H. (2015). Chromosomal meiotic segregation, embryonic developmental kinetics and DNA (hydroxy) methylation analysis consolidate the safety of human oocyte vitrification. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 21, 535–544.
Chromosomal meiotic segregation, embryonic developmental kinetics and DNA (hydroxy) methylation analysis consolidate the safety of human oocyte vitrification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC2MjgtFCnsg%3D%3D&md5=ee7b1b96dd56f1c00d2cbe239d1c8f57CAS |

Devillard, L., Vandroux, D., Tissier, C., Dumont, L., Borgeot, J., Rochette, L., and Athias, P. (2008). Involvement of microtubules in the tolerance of cardiomyocytes to cold ischemia–reperfusion. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 307, 149–157.
| 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlOqsLzO&md5=5b4b36b20e87bf321456c822985a3fdeCAS |

Díaz, J. F., Menéndez, M., and Andreu, J. M. (1993). Thermodynamics of ligand-induced assembly of tubulin. Biochemistry 32, 10 067–10 077.
Thermodynamics of ligand-induced assembly of tubulin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Eroglu, A., Toner, M., Leykin, L., and Toth, T. L. (1998). Cytoskeleton and polyploidy after maturation and fertilization of cryopreserved germinal vesicle-stage mouse oocytes. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 15, 447–454.
Cytoskeleton and polyploidy after maturation and fertilization of cryopreserved germinal vesicle-stage mouse oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK1czot1ymsg%3D%3D&md5=ab81d8f466fb8f0c2a04830e8267280bCAS |

Fu, X.-W., Shi, W.-Q., Zhang, Q.-J., Zhao, X.-M., Yan, C.-L., Hou, Y.-P., Zhou, G.-B., Fan, Z.-Q., Suo, L., Wusiman, A., Wang, Y.-P., and Zhu, S.-E. (2009). Positive effects of Taxol pretreatment on morphology, distribution and ultrastructure of mitochondria and lipid droplets in vitrification of in vitro matured porcine oocytes. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 115, 158–168.
Positive effects of Taxol pretreatment on morphology, distribution and ultrastructure of mitochondria and lipid droplets in vitrification of in vitro matured porcine oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXptl2iurg%3D&md5=2f96344bd0e60fea82f8048b52c59e7fCAS |

Fuchinoue, K., Fukunaga, N., Chiba, S., Nakajo, Y., Yagi, A., and Kyono, K. (2004). Freezing of human immature oocytes using cryoloops with Taxol in the vitrification solution. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 21, 307–309.
Freezing of human immature oocytes using cryoloops with Taxol in the vitrification solution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Fujihira, T., Nagai, H., and Fukui, Y. (2005). Relationship between equilibration times and the presence of cumulus cells, and effect of Taxol treatment for vitrification of in vitro matured porcine oocytes. Cryobiology 51, 339–343.
Relationship between equilibration times and the presence of cumulus cells, and effect of Taxol treatment for vitrification of in vitro matured porcine oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlShsLfN&md5=3d25b4d283acf3e9e15b52f0ff03fde7CAS |

Fuku, E., Xia, L., and Downey, B. R. (1995). Ultrastructural changes in bovine oocytes cryopreserved by vitrification. Cryobiology 32, 139–156.
Ultrastructural changes in bovine oocytes cryopreserved by vitrification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3mt1Cnsg%3D%3D&md5=23b29f55e478eb0b74741700ea7d3a54CAS |

Gao, S., Li, Y., Gao, X., Hu, J., Yang, H., and Chan, Z.-J. (2009). Spindle and chromosome changes of human MII oocytes during incubation after slow freezing/fast thawing procedures. Reprod. Sci. 16, 391–396.
Spindle and chromosome changes of human MII oocytes during incubation after slow freezing/fast thawing procedures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXms1Kmu7k%3D&md5=565abdf244462bd192d10d9b9dadf2deCAS |

Gligorov, J., and Lotz, J. P. (2004). Preclinical pharmacology of the taxanes: implications of the differences. Oncologist 9, 3–8.
Preclinical pharmacology of the taxanes: implications of the differences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlsFOju78%3D&md5=49f142931291fe866a56366ccb9a69bbCAS |

Gordo, A. C., He, C. L., Smith, S., and Fissore, R. A. (2001). Mitogen activated protein kinase plays a significant role in metaphase II arrest, spindle morphology, and maintenance of maturation promoting factor activity in bovine oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59, 106–114.
Mitogen activated protein kinase plays a significant role in metaphase II arrest, spindle morphology, and maintenance of maturation promoting factor activity in bovine oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXis1alsrs%3D&md5=34626131e90ac23565b517b148d0aaceCAS |

Guéritte-Voegelein, F., Guénard, D., Lavelle, F., Le Goff, M. T., Mangatal, L., and Potier, P. (1991). Relationships between the structure of taxol analogues and their antimitotic activity. J. Med. Chem. 34, 992–998.
Relationships between the structure of taxol analogues and their antimitotic activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hochi, S., Ito, K., Hirabayashi, M., Ueh, M., Kimura, K., and Hanada, A. (1998). Effect of nuclear stages during IVM on the survival of vitrified–warmed bovine oocyte. Theriogenology 49, 787–796.
Effect of nuclear stages during IVM on the survival of vitrified–warmed bovine oocyte.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7ps1KgtA%3D%3D&md5=8593ff3b52d6ddb07168778608acf3ecCAS |

Imai, K., Matoba, S., Dochi, O., and Shimohira, I. (2002). Different factors affect developmental competence and cryotolerance in in vitro produced bovine embryo. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64, 887–891.
Different factors affect developmental competence and cryotolerance in in vitro produced bovine embryo.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jiménez-Trigos, E., Naturil-Alfonso, C., Vicente, J. S., and Marco-Jiménez, F. (2013). Post-warming competence of in vivo matured rabbit oocytes treated with cytoskeletal stabilization (Taxol) and cytoskeletal relaxant (cytochalasin B) before vitrification. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 48, 15–19.
Post-warming competence of in vivo matured rabbit oocytes treated with cytoskeletal stabilization (Taxol) and cytoskeletal relaxant (cytochalasin B) before vitrification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jo, J. W., Jee, B. C., Suh, C. S., and Kim, S. H. (2013). Closed vitrification of mouse oocytes using the CryoLogic vitrification method: a modification that improves developmental competence. Clin. Exp. Reprod. Med. 40, 148–154.
Closed vitrification of mouse oocytes using the CryoLogic vitrification method: a modification that improves developmental competence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ju, J.-C., Tsay, C., and Ruan, C.-W. (2003). Alterations and reversibility in the chromatin, cytoskeleton and development of pig oocytes treated with roscovitine. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 64, 482–491.
Alterations and reversibility in the chromatin, cytoskeleton and development of pig oocytes treated with roscovitine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXislOqsrc%3D&md5=0a0c9caf9418334f8d7ee589faee6b9fCAS |

Magistrini, M., and Szöllösi, D. (1980). Effects of cold and of isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate on the second meiotic spindle of mouse oocytes. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 22, 699–707.
| 1:STN:280:DyaL3M%2FptVeqsw%3D%3D&md5=9782fa9d71ddaf1b305cd9366f225c45CAS |

Martino, A., Songsasen, N., and Leibo, S. P. (1996). Development into blastocysts of bovine oocytes cryopreserved by ultra-rapid cooling. Biol. Reprod. 54, 1059–1069.
Development into blastocysts of bovine oocytes cryopreserved by ultra-rapid cooling.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XisFSntbw%3D&md5=5d0619504bc5b10e36aacc20d95e57ecCAS |

Morató, R., Izquierdo, D., Albarracín, J. L., Anguita, B., Palomo, M. J., Jiménez-Macedo, A. R., Paramio, M. T., and Mogas, T. (2008a). Effects of pre-treating in vitro-matured bovine oocytes with the cytoskeleton stabilizing agent Taxol prior to vitrification. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75, 191–201.
Effects of pre-treating in vitro-matured bovine oocytes with the cytoskeleton stabilizing agent Taxol prior to vitrification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Morató, R., Izquierdo, D., Paramio, M. T., and Mogas, T. (2008b). Embryo development and structural analysis of in vitro matured bovine oocytes vitrified in Flexipet denuding pipettes. Theriogenology 70, 1536–1543.
Embryo development and structural analysis of in vitro matured bovine oocytes vitrified in Flexipet denuding pipettes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Morató, R., Mogas, T., and Maddox-Hyttel, P. (2008c). Ultrastructure of bovine oocytes exposed to Taxol prior to OPS vitrification. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75, 1318–1326.
Ultrastructure of bovine oocytes exposed to Taxol prior to OPS vitrification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Papis, K., Shimizu, M., and Izaike, Y. (2000). Factors affecting the survivability of bovine oocytes vitrified in droplets. Theriogenology 54, 651–658.
Factors affecting the survivability of bovine oocytes vitrified in droplets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FovVGkuw%3D%3D&md5=483f3055b9511282cd7572d685b6e422CAS |

Park, S. E., Chung, H. M., Cha, K. Y., Hwang, W. S., Lee, E. S., and Lim, J. M. (2001). Cryopreservation of ICR mouse oocytes: improved post-thawed preimplantation development after vitrification using Taxol™, a cytoskeleton stabilizer. Fertil. Steril. 75, 1177–1184.
Cryopreservation of ICR mouse oocytes: improved post-thawed preimplantation development after vitrification using Taxol, a cytoskeleton stabilizer.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzhtFymug%3D%3D&md5=26bcbfc268df8cc5d351042ea3adbe29CAS |

Paula-Lopes, F. F., Lima, R. S., Risolia, P. H. B., Ispada, J., Assumpção, M. E. O. A., and Visintin, J. A. (2012). Heat stress induced alteration in bovine oocytes: functional and cellular aspects. Anim. Reprod. 9, 395–403.

Phongnimitr, T., Liang, Y., Srirattana, K., Panyawai, K., Sripunya, N., Treetampinich, C., and Parnpai, R. (2013). Effect of l-carnitine on maturation, cryo-tolerance and embryo developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Anim. Sci. J. 84, 719–725.
Effect of l-carnitine on maturation, cryo-tolerance and embryo developmental competence of bovine oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1Oku7%2FM&md5=fddeed6e488bfbf02ed31f29a8cb7f8fCAS |

Quiñones Martorello, A., Rios, G., Cano, A., and Alberio, R. H. (2011). Effect of cryoprotectant concentration in the vitrification solution on the zona pellucida hardening and spermatozoa penetration of bovine oocytes. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 23, 149.
Effect of cryoprotectant concentration in the vitrification solution on the zona pellucida hardening and spermatozoa penetration of bovine oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rienzi, L., Martinez, F., Ubaldi, F., Minasi, M. G., Iacobelli, M., Tesarik, J., and Greco, E. (2004). Polscope analysis of meiotic spindle changes in living metaphase II human oocytes during the freezing and thawing procedures. Hum. Reprod. 19, 655–659.
Polscope analysis of meiotic spindle changes in living metaphase II human oocytes during the freezing and thawing procedures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c7gvVylsQ%3D%3D&md5=0dd9d21aea2f9725c286221a5a22530eCAS |

Ringel, I., and Horwitz, S. B. (1991). Studies with RP 56976 (taxotere): a semisynthetic analogue of Taxol. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 83, 288–291.
Studies with RP 56976 (taxotere): a semisynthetic analogue of Taxol.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXisVSjtLY%3D&md5=1ca4d6918c5da047eca827b215d3a5feCAS |

Rivera, R. M., Al-Katanani, Y. M., Paula-Lopes, F. F., and Hansen, P. J. (2000). Short communication: seasonal effects on development of bovine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization in a hot environment. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 305–307.
Short communication: seasonal effects on development of bovine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization in a hot environment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhsFCgtr4%3D&md5=fd6f845a65d1bbdf5f913c346ac8791dCAS |

Rojas, C., Palomo, M. J., Albarracín, J. L., and Mogas, T. (2004). Vitrification of immature and in vitro matured pig oocytes: study of distribution of chromosomes, microtubules, and actin microfilaments. Cryobiology 49, 211–220.
Vitrification of immature and in vitro matured pig oocytes: study of distribution of chromosomes, microtubules, and actin microfilaments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFahs7bI&md5=b99432dd31124c78a4529d2915b88db0CAS |

Rosenkrans, C. F., Zeng, G. Q., McNamara, G. T., Schoff, P. K., and First, N. L. (1993). Development of bovine embryos in vitro as affected by energy substrates. Biol. Reprod. 49, 459–462.
Development of bovine embryos in vitro as affected by energy substrates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlsFWk&md5=7cb2253873f40f5f3fe0aa54fac3fdf9CAS |

Roth, Z., Meidan, R., Braw-Tal, R., and Wolfenson, D. (2000). Immediate and delayed effects of heat stress on follicular development and its association with plasma FSH and inhibin concentration in cows. J. Reprod. Fertil. 120, 83–90.
| 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntlCiurs%3D&md5=dc1e1d82bef641535b48cf53ccbf0ac0CAS |

Saunders, K. M., and Parks, J. E. (1999). Effects of cryopreservation procedures on the cytology and fertilization rate of in vitro-matured bovine oocytes. Biol. Reprod. 61, 178–187.
Effects of cryopreservation procedures on the cytology and fertilization rate of in vitro-matured bovine oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktFKgurc%3D&md5=8fe2c77300179620c4fde22688cf7cfeCAS |

Schmidt, D. W., Nedambale, T. L., Kim, C., Maier, D. B., Yang, X. J., and Tian, X. C. (2004). Effect of cytoskeleton stabilizing agents on bovine matured oocytes following vitrification. Fertil. Steril. 82, S26.
Effect of cytoskeleton stabilizing agents on bovine matured oocytes following vitrification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Shayegh, M., and Barati, F. (2011). The effects of pre and post vitrification Taxol treatment on bovine immature oocyte. Iran. J. Vet. Res. 12, 230–235.

Shi, W.-Q., Zhu, S.-E., Zhang, D., Wang, W.-H., Tang, G.-L., Hou, Y.-P., and Tian, S.-J. (2006). Improved development by Taxol pretreatment after vitrification of in vitro matured porcine oocytes. Reproduction 131, 795–804.
Improved development by Taxol pretreatment after vitrification of in vitro matured porcine oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XltV2jt7s%3D&md5=4677eaf52f508f50bd3584319e2dd312CAS |

Shi, L.-Y., Jin, H.-F., Kim, J.-G., Mohana Kumar, B., Balasubramanian, S., Choe, S.-Y., and Rho, G.-J. (2007). Ultra-structural changes and developmental potential of porcine oocytes following vitrification. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 100, 128–140.
Ultra-structural changes and developmental potential of porcine oocytes following vitrification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkvF2isL4%3D&md5=5a115b09174775bffdbb811b6bc3f87eCAS |

Shirazi, A., Taheri, F., Nazari, H., Norbakhsh-Nia, M., Ahmadi, E., and Heidari, B. (2014). Developmental competence of ovine oocyte following vitrification: effect of oocyte developmental stage, cumulus cells, cytoskeleton stabiliser, FBS concentration, and equilibration time. Zygote 22, 165–173.
Developmental competence of ovine oocyte following vitrification: effect of oocyte developmental stage, cumulus cells, cytoskeleton stabiliser, FBS concentration, and equilibration time.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXmtlyltbw%3D&md5=09341e1894ac75928ca71fcd21eaaa23CAS |

Silva, C. F., Sartorelli, E. S., Castilho, A. C. S., Satrapa, R. A., Puelker, R. Z., Razza, E. M., Ticianelli, J. S., Eduardo, H. P., Loureiro, B., and Barros, C. M. (2013). Effects of heat stress on development, quality and survival of Bos indicus and Bos taurus embryos produced in vitro. Theriogenology 79, 351–357.
Effects of heat stress on development, quality and survival of Bos indicus and Bos taurus embryos produced in vitro.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1Kqs7zE&md5=de7fd9b3189f8ff9fec64215df60f26eCAS |

Somfai, T., Ozawa, M., Noguchi, J., Kaneko, H., Kuriani Karja, N. W., Farhudin, M., Dinnyés, A., Nagai, T., and Kikuchi, K. (2007). Developmental competence of in vitro-fertilized porcine oocytes after in vitro maturation and solid surface vitrification: effect of cryopreservation on oocyte antioxidative system and cell cycle stage. Cryobiology 55, 115–126.
Developmental competence of in vitro-fertilized porcine oocytes after in vitro maturation and solid surface vitrification: effect of cryopreservation on oocyte antioxidative system and cell cycle stage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXpvF2qtbc%3D&md5=eb3a674ffbaa35d88867c3e1b7930f9dCAS |

Somfai, T., Kikuchi, K., Kaneda, M., Akagi, S., Watanabe, S., Mizutani, E., Haraguchi, S., Dang-Nguyen, T. Q., Inaba, Y., Geshi, M., and Nagai, T. (2011). Cytoskeletal abnormalities in relation with meiotic competence and ageing in porcine and bovine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 40, 335–344.
Cytoskeletal abnormalities in relation with meiotic competence and ageing in porcine and bovine oocytes during in vitro maturation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MfktFKjtQ%3D%3D&md5=7ceeca9cdb7995ee0a77ac42d2605fbcCAS |

Sparreboom, A., van Tellingen, O., Nooijen, W. J., and Beijnen, J. H. (1998). Preclinical pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and docetaxel. Anticancer Drugs 9, 1–17.
Preclinical pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and docetaxel.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotVOrug%3D%3D&md5=50d2d762dfc573b47356e6d81674067bCAS |

Sripunya, N., Somfai, T., Inaba, Y., Nagai, T., Imai, K., and Parnpai, R. (2010). A comparison of Cryotop and solid surface vitrification methods for the cryopreservation of in vitro matured bovine oocytes. J. Reprod. Dev. 56, 176–181.
A comparison of Cryotop and solid surface vitrification methods for the cryopreservation of in vitro matured bovine oocytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sripunya, N., Liang, Y., Panyawai, K., Srirattana, K., Ngernsoungnern, A., Ngernsoungnern, P., Ketudat-Cairns, M., and Parnpai, R. (2014). Cytochalasin B efficiency in the cryopreservation of immature bovine oocytes by Cryotop and solid surface vitrification methods. Cryobiology 69, 496–499.
Cytochalasin B efficiency in the cryopreservation of immature bovine oocytes by Cryotop and solid surface vitrification methods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsFKqu7bL&md5=b2904af037119d58afd2d5fc74bfeaaaCAS |

Sun, Q. Y., Lai, L., Park, K. W., Kühholzer, B., Prather, R. S., and Schatten, H. (2001). Dynamic events are differently mediated by microfilaments, microtubules, and mitogen-activated protein kinase during porcine oocyte maturation and fertilization in vitro. Biol. Reprod. 64, 879–889.
Dynamic events are differently mediated by microfilaments, microtubules, and mitogen-activated protein kinase during porcine oocyte maturation and fertilization in vitro.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsVKjtro%3D&md5=c980f772cfd10eec5190a3976392f260CAS |

Thouas, G. A., Korfiatis, N. A., French, A. J., Jones, G. M., and Trounson, A. O. (2001). Simplified technique for differential staining of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells of mouse and bovine blastocysts. Reprod. Biomed. Online 3, 25–29.
Simplified technique for differential staining of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells of mouse and bovine blastocysts.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Vajta, G., Holm, P., Kuwayama, M., Booth, P. J., Jacobsen, H., Greve, T., and Callesen, H. (1998). Open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification: a new way to reduce cryoinjuries of bovine ova and embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51, 53–58.
Open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification: a new way to reduce cryoinjuries of bovine ova and embryos.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXltVGrs7g%3D&md5=66549a9b4c06c5259ba5b3de2c43558bCAS |

Yan, C.-L., Fu, X.-W., Zhou, G.-B., Zhao, X.-M., Suo, L., and Zhu, S.-E. (2010). Mitochondrial behaviors in the vitrified mouse oocyte and its parthenogenetic embryo: effect of Taxol pretreatment and relationship to competence. Fertil. Steril. 93, 959–966.
Mitochondrial behaviors in the vitrified mouse oocyte and its parthenogenetic embryo: effect of Taxol pretreatment and relationship to competence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjsFems7w%3D&md5=31029acff658d2f403f2086e6df1c20dCAS |