Restricted feed intake in lactating primiparous sows. II. Effects on subsequent litter sex ratio and embryonic gene expression
G. Oliver A C , S. Novak A , J. L. Patterson A , J. A. Pasternak A , F. Paradis A , M. Norrby B , K. Oxtoby A , M. K. Dyck A , W. T. Dixon A and G. R. Foxcroft A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Swine Reproduction-Development Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
B Swedish Univesity of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry PO Box 7011, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
C Corresponding author. Email: goliver@ualberta.ca
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23(7) 899-911 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD11013
Submitted: 8 January 2011 Accepted: 8 April 2011 Published: 26 August 2011
Abstract
Expression of panels of candidate genes controlling myogenesis, angiogenesis and gender-specific imprinting of development were analysed in embryonic, placental and endometrial tissues recovered at Day 30 of gestation from a subset of primiparous sows that were either feed restricted (Restrict; n = 17) or fed to appetite (Control; n = 15) during the last week of the previous lactation. Embryos were also sex typed to investigate gender bias in response to treatments. Average embryonic weight was lower in the subset of Restrict compared with Control litters (1.38 ± 0.07 vs 1.59 ± 0.08 g, respectively) and the male : female sex ratio was higher (P < 0.05) in embryos (litters) recovered from Restrict sows. Treatment affected (P ≤ 0.05) the expression of embryonic and placental genes involved in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 2 signalling, including IGF2, INSR and IGF2R. Embryonic expression of ESR1 was also affected by treatment (P < 0.03) and sex × treatment interactions were observed for the expression of embryonic ESR1 (P < 0.05) and placental ANGPT2 (P < 0.03). At the molecular level, these results support the suggestion that changes in placental function are not the primary mechanism mediating detrimental effects of previous sow catabolism on early embryonic development in the feed-restricted lactational sow model. However, perturbations in the IGF2 system are implicated as mediators of these effects.
Additional keywords: catabolism, epigenetics.
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