Size distribution and meiotic competence of oocytes obtained from bitch ovaries at various stages of the oestrous cycle

Abstract

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of the stage of the oestrous cycle on the meiotic competence of canine oocytes and also to investigate the relationship between the stage of the oestrous cycle and the relative size distribution of oocytes obtained from bitches at three stages of the cycle (anoestrus, follicular phase and dioestrus). Only healthy-looking cumulus–oocyte complexes were used for in vitro maturation and these were divided into three groups based on diameter (<110, 110 to <120 and ≥120 µm). The mean diameter of oocytes from ovaries at anoestrus, the follicular phase and dioestrus was 103.6, 119.2 and 107.7 µm, respectively. The percentage of large oocytes (120 µm) collected at the follicular phase was higher (P<0.01) than that collected at dioestrus and the percentage of oocytes ≥120 µm collected from ovaries at dioestrus was higher (P<0.01) than that collected at anoestrus. After culture for 72 h, significantly more oocytes reached metaphase II (MII) in the follicular phase than in the other stages (P<0.01), and more oocytes reached MII in dioestrus than in anoestrus (P<0.05). In the ≥120 µm group, the frequency of oocytes that resumed meiosis in the follicular phase was higher (P<0.05) than in the other stages. However, in the smaller diameter (<120 µm) groups, there were no significant differences between ovaries at different stages of the oestrous cycle with respect to the proportion of oocytes reaching each stage of meiosis. Thus, the oestrous cycle stage influences maturation frequency. Moreover, oocytes demonstrated a size-related ability to undergo meiotic maturation, irrespective of the stage of the oestrous cycle. These results suggest that the effects of the stage of the oestrous cycle may result from differences in the distribution of large oocytes.