
%0 Journal Article
%A Ueno, S. 
%A Kurome, M. 
%A Tomii, R. 
%A Hiruma, K. 
%A Maeda, N. 
%A Saito, H. 
%A Nagashima, H. 
%T 185 EMBRYONIC LOSS IN PIGS ASSOCIATED WITH OVIDUCT TRANSPLANTATION OF EARLY-STAGE EMBRYOS WITH DAMAGES IN THE ZONA PELLUCIDA
%J Reproduction, Fertility and Development
%D 2005/12/14
%V 18
%N 2
%P 200-201
%K 
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/RDV18N2AB185
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/RDV18N2AB185 
%X It is assumed that if porcine early-stage embryos with damages in their zonae pellucidae are transplanted to the recipient's oviduct, they may suffer from mechanical and immunological stresses by oviduct contraction and the recipient's immune response. This study aimed to examine the impact of zona pellucida damages, which might arise during nuclear transfer and intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), on the development and survival of transplanted embryos. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from ovaries obtained at a local slaughterhouse and matured in vitro in NCSU23 to prepare MII-stage oocytes. The zonae pellucidae of these oocytes were either penetrated with 8- to 10-¼m square-ended microinjection pipettes or incised with 35- to 40-¼m beveled enucleation pipettes. Intact oocytes were used as controls. The oocytes were electroactivated to induce parthenogenesis and transplanted to the oviducts of estrus-synchronized recipient gilts (estrus-synchronized with 1000 IU eCG and 1500 IU hCG). After 5 to 7 days, the recipient uteri were flushed with PBS supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to collect embryos, and their development (morula-blastocyst stage embryos/collected embryos) and survival (viable embryos/collected embryos) were determined. In total, 221 zona-penetrated, 129 zona-incised, and 57 intact embryos were transplanted to four, two and two gilts, respectively. The efficiency of embryo recovery was similar in all groups (59.0 to 81.8%). However, the zona-penetrated and zona-incised embryos showed inconsistent development and survival compared with controls; the development and survival rate were 92.6% (25/27) to 96.7% (29/30) and 77.8% (21/27) to 96.7% (29/30) in control embryos, respectively, whereas those of zona-penetrated embryos were 57.1% (28/49) to 95.7% (22/23) and 8.2% (4/49) to 78.3% (18/30), and those of zona-incised embryos were 47.6% (30/63) to 92.3% (36/39) and 23.8% (15/63) to 92.3% (22/23), respectively. Large foci of cells that appeared to be macrophage giant cells were observed at the surface or inside of the degenerated zona-damaged embryos. These results indicate that the recipient's immune response may impair development after transplantation of the embryo to the oviduct, when there is damage in the zona pellucida. This may be one of the factors attributable to the reduced efficiency of live progeny production by ICSI and nuclear transfer. This work was supported by PROBRAIN. 
