
%0 Journal Article
%A Prather, R. S. 
%A Mayes, M. A. 
%A Murphy, C. N. 
%T Parthenogenetic activation of pig eggs by exposure to protein kinase inhibitors
%J Reproduction, Fertility and Development
%D 1997/11/26
%V 9
%N 5
%P 539-544
%K parthenogenote, H7, egg activation, oocyte activation.
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/R96119
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/R96119 
%X The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of low concentrations of protein kinase inhibitors on activation. Pig eggs were electrostimulated or cultured with the following: 10 &#181;M 1-&#91;5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl&#93;-2-methylpiperazine, HCl H7 for 24 h; 100 &#181;M H7 for 24 h; 10 nM staurosporine for 24 h; or with 20 &#181;M staurosporine for 20 min followed by Whitten&#8217;s medium for 24 h. Rates of pronuclear formation in eggs (n = 1240) subjected to these treatments were: untreated, 6&#183;2%; electrostimulated, 77&#183;1%; 10 M H7, 10&#183;0%; 100 &#181;M H7, 65%; 10 nM staurosporine, 24&#183;2%; and 20 &#181;M staurosporine, 67&#183;3% (significance at P &pound; 0&#183; 05: 10 &#181;M H7 vs untreated, not significant; 20 &#181;M staurosporine vs 100 &#181;M H7, not significant). Percentages of eggs (n = 125) expressing a 22-kDa band after treatment were: untreated, 37&#183;5%; electrostimulated, 100%; 10 &#181;M H7, 72%; 100 &#181;M H7, 66&#183;7%; 10 nM staurosporine, 40 &#183;0%; and 20 &#181;M staurosporine, 77&#183; 3% (significance at P &#x2264; 0&#183;10: 100 &#181;M H7, 10 nM staurosporine and 20&#181;M staurosporine vs 10 &#181;M H7, not significant; 100 &#181;M H7 and 10 nM staurosporine vs untreated, not significant). Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of treated eggs revealed that cortical granules were present in over half the untreated eggs, as well as over half of the eggs treated with 100 &#181;M H7 or 10 nM staurosporine; in contrast, all cortical granules were absent from electrically-activated eggs. The results indicate that long-term exposure of eggs to low concentrations of broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitors induces some of the events commonly associated with fertilization. 
