Register      Login
Australian Journal of Primary Health Australian Journal of Primary Health Society
The issues influencing community health services and primary health care
RESEARCH ARTICLE

What researchers think of involving consumers in health research

Sharon Lawn
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

Flinders Human Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Room 4T306, Margaret Tobin Centre, PO Box 2100, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia. Email: sharon.lawn@flinders.edu.au

Australian Journal of Primary Health 22(6) 483-490 https://doi.org/10.1071/PY15089
Submitted: 15 June 2015  Accepted: 28 September 2015   Published: 11 January 2016

Abstract

Involving consumers in research enhances its quality and appropriateness, and is required within many research funding schemes. While the rationale for consumer involvement is understood, its implementation is unclear. The researcher investigated views of a group of Australia’s leading researchers (n = 38) about the role of consumers in their research using a brief survey administered at the Australia National Health and Medical Research (NHMRC) Translation Conference in 2014. Interpretive content analysis was used for data analysis. Respondents noted the importance of consumer involvement in the planning and design of research, to ensure its relevance to the community as end-users of research outcomes. Therefore, consumers were seen as central to research translation by the respondents. Many respondents perceived empathy for the experiences of others as a fundamental researcher skill. Despite strong acknowledgement of the benefits of consumer involvement in research, gaps exist between the rhetoric and practice of consumer involvement beyond consultative roles. Power over decisions made about research processes and ownership of research are continuing barriers to greater consumer involvement in research. Structural changes to how research is funded, evaluated and reported provide a means of addressing these gaps. NHMRC leadership is needed to promote these changes.

Additional keywords: consumer participation, empathy, power.


References

Arnstein SR (1969) A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 35, 216–224.
A ladder of citizen participation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Barnes J (ed) (1984) The complete works of Aristotle. (Princeton University Press: New Jersey).

Bath J, Wakerman J (2015) Impact of community participation in primary health care: what is the evidence? Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, 2–8.
Impact of community participation in primary health care: what is the evidence?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24176202PubMed |

Bengtsson-Tops A, Svensson B (2010) Mental health users’ experiences of being interviewed by another user in a research project: a qualitative study. Journal of Mental Health 19, 234–242.
Mental health users’ experiences of being interviewed by another user in a research project: a qualitative study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Boote J, Wong R, Booth A (2015) ‘Talking the talk or walking the walk?’ A bibliometric review of the literature on public involvement in health research published between 1995 and 2009. Health Expectations 18, 44–57.
‘Talking the talk or walking the walk?’ A bibliometric review of the literature on public involvement in health research published between 1995 and 2009.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23033933PubMed |

Brett J, Staniszewska S, Mockford C, Herron-Marx S, Hughes J, Tysall C, Suleman R (2014a) Mapping the impact of patient and public involvement on health and social care research: a systematic review. Health Expectations 17, 637–650.
Mapping the impact of patient and public involvement on health and social care research: a systematic review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22809132PubMed |

Brett J, Staniszewska S, Mockford C, Herron-Marx S, Hughes J, Tysall C, Suleman R (2014b) A systematic review of impact of patient and public involvement on service users, researchers and communities. Patient 7, 387–395.
A systematic review of impact of patient and public involvement on service users, researchers and communities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25034612PubMed |

Buck D, Gamble C, Dudley L, Preston J, Hanley B (2014) From plans to actions in patient and public involvement: qualitative study of documented plans and the accounts of researchers and patients sampled from a cohort of clinical trials. BMJ Open 4, e006400
From plans to actions in patient and public involvement: qualitative study of documented plans and the accounts of researchers and patients sampled from a cohort of clinical trials.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25475243PubMed |

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (2014) Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR): patient engagement. Available at http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/45851.html [Verified 10 April 2015]

Chesterfield (2004) Quotes and Images From Chesterfield's Letters to His Son On the Fine Art of Becoming a Man of the World and a Gentleman (Project Gutenberg: Salt Lake City).

Cotterell P (2008) Exploring the value of service user involvement in data analysis: ‘Our interpretation is about what lies below the surface’. Educational Action Research 16, 5–17.
Exploring the value of service user involvement in data analysis: ‘Our interpretation is about what lies below the surface’.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ennis L, Wykes T (2013) Impact of patient involvement in mental health research: longitudinal study. The British Journal of Psychiatry 203, 381–386.
Impact of patient involvement in mental health research: longitudinal study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24029538PubMed |

Eversole R (2012) Remaking participation: challenges for community development practice. Community Development Journal: An International Forum 47, 29–41.
Remaking participation: challenges for community development practice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Godfrey M (2004) More than ‘involvement’: how commissioning user interviewers in the research process begins to change the balance of power. Practice: Social Work in Action 16, 223–231.
More than ‘involvement’: how commissioning user interviewers in the research process begins to change the balance of power.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hewlett S, de Wit M, Richards P, Quest E, Hughes R, Heiberg T, Kirwan J (2006) Patients and professionals as research partners: challenges, practicalities, and benefits. Arthritis and Rheumatism 55, 676–680.
Patients and professionals as research partners: challenges, practicalities, and benefits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16874772PubMed |

Hsieh HF, Shannon SE (2005) Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research 15, 1277–1288.
Three approaches to qualitative content analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16204405PubMed |

Hubbard G, Kidd L, Donaghy E, McDonald C, Kearney N (2007) A review of literature about involving people affected by cancer in research, policy and planning and practice. Patient Education and Counseling 65, 21–33.
A review of literature about involving people affected by cancer in research, policy and planning and practice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16860517PubMed |

INVOLVE (2011) INVOLVE strategy 2012–2015: putting people first in research. Available at http://www.invo.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/INVOLVEStrategy2012-15.pdf [Verified 10 April 2015]

Kenny A, Farmer J, Dickson-Swift V, Hyett N (2014) Community participation for rural health: a review of challenges. Health Expectations
Community participation for rural health: a review of challenges.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25470231PubMed |

Locke J (1959) An essay concerning human understanding: book II. (Dover Publications: New York).

Morrow E, Cotterell P, Robert G, Crocott P, Ross F (2013) Mechanisms can help to use patients’ experiences of chronic disease in research and practice: an interpretive synthesis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 66, 856–864.
Mechanisms can help to use patients’ experiences of chronic disease in research and practice: an interpretive synthesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23810025PubMed |

National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (2002) Statement on consumer and community participation in health and medical research. Available at https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/r22.pdf [Verified 10 April 2015]

National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (2005) A model framework for consumer and community participation in health and medical research. Available at http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/r33.pdf [Verified 10 April 2015]

National Health Service, National Institute for Health Research (2014) INVOLVE. Available at http://www.invo.org.uk/resource-centre/resource-for-researchers/ [Verified 10 April 2015]

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2010) Inclusion of public representatives/participants in scientific peer review. Available at http://grants.nih.gov/archive/grants/peer/public_in_peer_review.htm [Verified 10 April 2015]

Nierse CJ, Schipper K, van Zadelhoff E, van der Griendt J, Abma TA (2012) Collaboration and co-ownership in research: dynamics and dialogues between patient research partners and professional researchers in a research team. Health Expectations 15, 242–254.
Collaboration and co-ownership in research: dynamics and dialogues between patient research partners and professional researchers in a research team.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21332617PubMed |

Rose D, Leese M, Oliver D, Sidhu R, Bennewith O, Priebe S, Wykes T (2011) A comparison of participant information elicited by service user and non-service user researchers. Psychiatric Services 62, 210–213.
A comparison of participant information elicited by service user and non-service user researchers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21285101PubMed |

Saunders C, Girgis A (2010) Status, challenges and facilitators of consumer involvement in Australian health and medical research. Health Research Policy and Systems 8, 34–39.
Status, challenges and facilitators of consumer involvement in Australian health and medical research.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21087513PubMed |

Simmons H (1989) Hyperion. (Doubleday: New York).

Snape D, Kirkham J, Britten N, Gradinger F, Looban F, Popay J, Wyatt K, Jacoby A. (2014) Exploring perceived barriers, drivers, impacts and the need for evaluation of public involvement in health and social care research: a modified Delphi study. BMJ Open 4, e004943. Available at http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/6/e004943.full.pdf+html [Verified 10 April 2015]

Staniszewska S, Brett J, Mockford C, Barber R (2011) The GRIPP checklist: strengthening the quality of patient and public involvement reporting in research. International Journal of Technology Assessment 27, 391–399.
The GRIPP checklist: strengthening the quality of patient and public involvement reporting in research.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Stevens T, Wilde D, Hunt J, Ahmedzai SH (2003) Overcoming the challenges to consumer involvement in cancer research. Health Expectations 6, 81–88.
Overcoming the challenges to consumer involvement in cancer research.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12603631PubMed |

Thompson J, Bissell P, Cooper CL, Armitage CJ, Barber R (2014) Exploring the impact of patient and public involvement in a cancer research setting. Qualitative Health Research 24, 46–54.
Exploring the impact of patient and public involvement in a cancer research setting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24277776PubMed |

Tritter J, McCallum A (2006) The snakes and ladders of user involvement: moving beyond Arnstein. Health Policy 76, 156–168.
The snakes and ladders of user involvement: moving beyond Arnstein.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16006004PubMed |

United Nations (1997) ‘If information and knowledge are central to democracy, they are conditions for development’, says secretary-general. Press Release SG/SM/6268 23 June 1997. (United Nations: New York) Available at: http://www.un.org/press/en/1997/19970623.sgsm6268.html

Ward PR, Thompson J, Barber R, Armitabe CJ, Boote JD, Cooper CL, Jones GL (2010) Critical perspectives on ‘consumer involvement’ in health research: epistemological dissonance and the know-do gap. Journal of Sociology 46, 63–82.
Critical perspectives on ‘consumer involvement’ in health research: epistemological dissonance and the know-do gap.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Williamson C (2010) ‘Towards the emancipation of patients: patients’ experiences and the patient movement.’ (Policy Press: Bristol, UK)