
%0 Journal Article
%A Smith, WE 
%T Average Forces in Electromagnetic Systems
%J Australian Journal of Physics
%D 1961/03/01
%V 14
%N 1
%P 152-159
%K 
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/PH610152
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/PH610152 
%X The mechanical forces developed in electromagnetic systems are usually evaluated from surface integrals of the Maxwell stresses. For a large class of systems it is shown that the time average force can be expressed in terms of directly measurable circuittheory parameters. The system must be linear and loss free, but there is no restriction on the frequency of excitation. 
