Rapid identification of shark species on mislabelled seafood products in Mexican markets
Alexis Alejandro Jiménez-Pérez
A B , Carolina Garciglia-Mercado C , Sergio Francisco Flores-Ramírez B , Rogelio Gónzalez-Armas A , Felipe Galván-Magaña A , Manuel Jesús Zetina-Rejón A and César Salvador Cardona-Félix D *
A
B
C
D
Abstract
Sharks have been captured globally for decades. Shark exploitation lacks appropriate regulation, hindering an assessment of captured and traded individuals. This necessitates the development of a method to quickly and easily identify shark species.
We aim to standardise and validate a rapid, effective method of shark species identification from Mexican markets.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assays were developed for the identification of five commercially important shark species in the north-west region of Mexico: Carcharhinus falciformis, Prionace glauca, Isurus oxyrinchus, Sphyrna zygaena and Sphyrna lewini. A total of 350 samples was collected from markets and samples were labelled as ‘cazón’ (small shark), ‘marlín’ (marlin) and ‘tiburón’ (shark).
Through LAMP assay standardisation, individuals of five species were able to be identified: 17 individuals of S. zygaena, 17 of S. lewini, 24 of C. falciformis, 26 of P. glauca and 85 of I. oxyrinchus. To validate species identification by LAMP, sequences of COI and ITS2 were obtained and analysed by BLASTn. A 100% match identity for LAMP assays and associated sequences was obtained. Additionally, the DNA limit of detection was determined down to 0.1 ng/μL of shark DNA.
These results highlight an urgent need to effectively identify commercially traded species, some of which may be endangered and to establish species-level labelling in national policies.
Application of correct species labels to national seafood products could encourage consumers to make responsible food choices.
Keywords: applied biotechnology, conservation biology, conservation genetics, forensic genetics, LAMP, management improvement, marine resources, mislabelled seafood products, sustainable trade.
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