The effects of land-use change on the endemic avifauna of Makira, Solomon Islands: endemics avoid monoculture
Tammy E. Davies A C F G , Rohan H. Clarke B , John G. Ewen C , Ioan R. A. Fazey D , Nathalie Pettorelli C and Will Cresswell E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, Irvine Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, UK.
B School of Biological Sciences, Building 18, Clayton Campus, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
C Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RYL, UK.
D School of the Environment, University of Dundee, Perth Road, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
E School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, UK.
F Present address. University of Victoria, School of Environmental Studies, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada.
G Corresponding author. Email: tedavies@uvic.ca
Emu 115(3) 199-213 https://doi.org/10.1071/MU14108
Submitted: 24 December 2014 Accepted: 29 April 2015 Published: 22 June 2015
Abstract
Unprecedented rates of deforestation on tropical islands are threatening high numbers of endemic species, and empirical evidence is needed to better understand the implications of changes in land-use on biodiversity and to guide conservation actions. We assessed the effects of changes in land-use on the lowland avifauna of the tropical island of Makira in the Solomon Islands. We examined species richness and community assemblages, with a particular focus on endemism and functional traits, to provide further insight into the conservation value of the dominant types of land-use on Makira (i.e. intact forest, secondary forest, food gardens, mixed Cocoa plantations, and monoculture Cocoa plantations). We found species richness was similar across habitats, but endemic-species richness decreased as intensity of land-use increased. There were significant differences in the occurrence of functional groups between habitats. Fifteen of the 42 species observed showed significant variation in abundance across habitats. Of those species that varied, 12 were endemic to Makira or to Melanesia, with seven of these endemics being absent from the monoculture Cocoa plantations. As tropical islands have less functional redundancy than continental land masses, protecting the remaining forest and improving habitat connectivity will be even more critical for conserving their endemic species and maintaining ecosystem functioning.
Additional keywords: biodiversity, cash crops, conservation, Melanesia, tropical forest.
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