
%0 Journal Article
%A Hull, Cindy L. 
%A Wilson, Jane 
%A le Mar, Kirsten 
%T Moult in adult Royal Penguins, <emph type="2">Eudyptes schlegeli</emph>
%J Emu
%D 2001/05/31
%V 101
%N 2
%P 173-176
%K 
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/MU00023
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MU00023 
%X Mass change during moult was measured in Royal Penguins at Macquarie Island during 1995, in order to estimate the energetic costs and prey-consumption rates required to fuel the moult. Masses of 30 birds were taken during each of the following stages: upon their return from the pre-moult foraging trips; in the middle of the moult; and at the completion of moulting. During the 36-day pre-moult foraging trip individuals increased in mass by 3 kg, accumulating 83.3 g day -1 . The moult lasted 28 days and 99% of birds moulted at their breeding sites. During moult birds lost 46&#8211;47% of their pre-moult mass, with males expending an estimated 57997 kJ and females 57229 kJ during this period. It was estimated that 1.39 &#215; 10 7 kg of food are required to fuel this stage in the life cycle of Royal Penguins at Macquarie Island, which therefore constitutes an important component of their overall energy budget. 
