In situ target strength measurement of the black triggerfish Melichthys niger and the ocean triggerfish Canthidermis sufflamen
Julie Salvetat
A B F , Anne Lebourges-Dhaussy C , Paulo Travassos B , Sven Gastauer D , Gildas Roudaut C , Gary Vargas A B and Arnaud Bertrand A B E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, F-34200 Sète, France.
B Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
C Institut de recherche pour le développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6539 Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer/Institut de recherche pour le développement/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopole Brest Iroise, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
D Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
E Laboratório de Oceanografia Física Estuarina e Costeira, Departamento Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
F Corresponding author. Email: ju.salvetat@gmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 71(9) 1118-1127 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF19153
Submitted: 3 May 2019 Accepted: 28 October 2019 Published: 30 January 2020
Abstract
Triggerfish are widely distributed in tropical waters where they play an important ecological role. The black triggerfish Melichthys niger may be the dominant species around oceanic tropical islands, whereas pelagic triggerfish, such as the ocean triggerfish Canthidermis sufflamen, can assemble around fish aggregating devices (FADs) where they are a common bycatch of tuna fisheries. In this study we combined acoustic and optical recordings to provide the first in situ target strength (TS) measurement of black and ocean triggerfish. Data were collected in the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha off north-east Brazil. The mean TS of a 27.8-cm-long black triggerfish at 70 and 200 kHz was –39.3 dB re 1 m2 (CV = 14.0%) and –38.9 dB re 1 m2 (CV = 14.4%) respectively. The mean TS values of ocean triggerfish (with a size range of 39–44 cm) at 70 and 200 kHz were –36.0 dB re 1 m2 (CV = 15.7%) and –33.3 dB re 1 m2 (CV = 14.0%) respectively. This work opens up the field for acoustic biomass estimates. In addition, we have shown that TS values for ocean triggerfish are within the same range as those of small tunas. Therefore, acoustic data transmitted from FADs equipped with echosounders can introduce a bias in tuna acoustic biomass estimation and lead to increased rates of bycatch.
Additional keywords: biomass estimation, north-east Brazil, small tuna, target strength–length relationships, tropical ecosystem, underwater acoustics, underwater video.
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