Effect of climate change on crustose coralline algae at a temperate vent site, White Island, New Zealand
T. J. Brinkman A and A. M. Smith A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
B Corresponding author. Email: abby.smith@otago.ac.nz
Marine and Freshwater Research 66(4) 360-370 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14077
Submitted: 18 March 2014 Accepted: 22 September 2014 Published: 9 December 2014
Abstract
Natural CO2 vents allow study of the effects of climate change on marine organisms on a different scale from laboratory-based studies. This study outlines a preliminary investigation into the suitability of natural CO2 vents near White Island, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand (37°31.19′S, 117°10.85′E) for climate change research by characterising water chemistry from two vent and three control locations on a seasonal basis, as well as examining their effects on skeletons of the local calcifying crustose coralline algae. pH measurements at vent sites, calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, showed reduced mean pH levels (7.49 and 7.85) relative to background levels of 8.06, whereas mean temperatures were between 0.0 and 0.4°C above control. Increases in sulfur and mercury at sites near White Island were probably a result of volcanic unrest. Crustose coralline algae did not show significant variability in skeletal Mg-calcite geochemistry, but qualitative comparisons of calcite skeletons under scanning electron microscopy saw greater deformation and dissolution in coralline algae calcite crystals from vent sites compared to controls. Although additional monitoring of pH fluctuations and hydrogen sulphides is still needed, the low pH and increased temperatures indicate potential for studying multistressor effects of projected climate changes in a natural environment.
Additional keywords: CO2 vents, mineralogy, ocean acidification.
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