Electrofishing as a potential threat to the growth and metabolism of three submerged macrophytes
Ai-Ping Wu
A D , Shi-Yun Ye A , Yan-Hong Wang B D , Te Cao C , Li Liu A , Wen Zhong A , Liang-Yu Qi A , Qiu-Yue Deng A and Chu-Ting Hu A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road 1st, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, China.
B State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Wusu road 666th, Linan District, Hangzhou 311300, China.
C Institute of Hydrobiology, Donghu South Road 7st, Wuchang District, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
D Corresponding authors. Email: wuaip8101@126.com; wangyanhong@zafu.edu.cn
Marine and Freshwater Research - https://doi.org/10.1071/MF20124
Submitted: 27 April 2020 Accepted: 9 July 2020 Published online: 7 August 2020
Abstract
Electric fields (EFs) are widely used in human activities, and all organisms are potentially affected by EFs. The effects of an EF on terrestrial plants, seeds and water animals are well documented, whereas the effects of an EF on aquatic macrophytes remain unknown. We wanted to determine the effects of an EF, generated by backpack electrofishing equipment, on the growth and metabolism of three submerged plants (Vallisneria natans, Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton maackianus). The results showed that the shoot heights, shoot dry weights, root dry weights, root : shoot ratios and contents of soluble proteins and soluble carbohydrates of the three tested submerged plants were influenced by the EF, and these effects were significantly different among the study plants. Thus, our results indicated that submerged macrophytes might be suppressed by EFs released by electrofishing. Accordingly, we highlight that the growth, development and metabolism of submerged macrophytes might be inhibited by EFs, although the results were obtained from a simulated experiment, and more extensive field experiments are needed.
Additional keywords: electric field, electrofishing, growth, macrophyte, metabolism., submerged plant.
References
Acosta-Santoyo, G., Herrada, R. A., De Folter, S., and Bustos, E. (2018). Stimulation of the germination and growth of different plant species using an electric field treatment with IrO2–Ta2O5 |Ti electrodes. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 93, 1488–1494.| Stimulation of the germination and growth of different plant species using an electric field treatment with IrO2–Ta2O5 |Ti electrodes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Allard, L., Grenouillet, G., Khazraie, K., Tudesque, L., Vigouroux, R., and Brosse, S. (2014). Electrofishing efficiency in low conductivity neotropical streams: towards a non-destructive fish sampling method. Fisheries Management and Ecology 21, 234–243.
| Electrofishing efficiency in low conductivity neotropical streams: towards a non-destructive fish sampling method.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bakker, E. S., Wood, K. A., Pagès, J. F., Veen, G. F., Christianen, M. J. A., Santamaría, L., and Hilt, S. (2016). Herbivory on freshwater and marine macrophytes: a review and perspective. Aquatic Botany 135, 18–36.
| Herbivory on freshwater and marine macrophytes: a review and perspective.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bi, R., Schlaak, M., Siefert, E., Lord, R., and Connolly, H. (2011). Influence of electrical fields (AC and DC) on phytoremediation of metal polluted soils with rapeseed (Brassica napus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Chemosphere 83, 318–326.
| Influence of electrical fields (AC and DC) on phytoremediation of metal polluted soils with rapeseed (Brassica napus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21237480PubMed |
Bohl, R. J., Henry, T. B., Strange, R. J., and Rakes, P. L. (2009). Effects of electroshock on cyprinid embryos: implications for threatened and endangered fishes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138, 768–776.
| Effects of electroshock on cyprinid embryos: implications for threatened and endangered fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bohl, R. J., Henry, T. B., and Strange, R. J. (2010). Electroshock-induced mortality in freshwater fish embryos increases with embryo diameter: a model based on results from 10 species. Journal of Fish Biology 76, 975–986.
| Electroshock-induced mortality in freshwater fish embryos increases with embryo diameter: a model based on results from 10 species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bornette, G., and Puijalon, S. (2011). Response of aquatic plants to abiotic factors: a review. Aquatic Sciences 73, 1–14.
| Response of aquatic plants to abiotic factors: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bradford, M. M. (1976). Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.
| Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 942051PubMed |
Costanzo, E. (2008). The influence of an electric field on the growth of soy seedlings. Journal of Electrostatics 66, 417–420.
| The influence of an electric field on the growth of soy seedlings.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dannehl, D. (2018). Effects of electricity on plant responses. Scientia Horticulturae 234, 382–392.
| Effects of electricity on plant responses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Elliott, J. M., and Bagenal, T. B. (1972). The effects of electrofishing on the invertebrates of a Lake District stream. Oecologia 9, 1–11.
| The effects of electrofishing on the invertebrates of a Lake District stream.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28313037PubMed |
Gaspar, T., Franck, T., Bisbis, B., Kevers, C., Jouve, L., Hausman, J. F., and Dommes, J. (2002). Concepts in plant stress physiology. Application to plant tissue cultures. Plant Growth Regulation 37, 263–285.
| Concepts in plant stress physiology. Application to plant tissue cultures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gatz, A. J., and Linder, R. S. (2008). Effects of repeated electroshocking on condition, growth, and movement of selected warmwater stream fishes. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 28, 792–798.
| Effects of repeated electroshocking on condition, growth, and movement of selected warmwater stream fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Geist, J. (2011). Integrative freshwater ecology and biodiversity conservation. Ecological Indicators 11, 1507–1516.
| Integrative freshwater ecology and biodiversity conservation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gui, Z., Piras, A., and Qiao, L. (2013). Improving tree seed germination by electrostatic field. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 1, 87–89.
Hastie, L. C., and Boon, P. J. (2001). Does electrofishing harm freshwater pearl mussels? Aquatic Conservation 11, 149–152.
| Does electrofishing harm freshwater pearl mussels?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hedger, R. D., Diserud, O. H., Sandlund, O. T., Saksgård, L., Ugedal, O., and Bremset, G. (2018). Bias in estimates of electrofishing capture probability of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Fisheries Research 208, 286–295.
| Bias in estimates of electrofishing capture probability of juvenile Atlantic salmon.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Holliman, F. M., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G., and Levine, J. F. (2007). Exposure of unionid mussels to electric current: assessing risks associated with electrofishing. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136, 1593–1606.
| Exposure of unionid mussels to electric current: assessing risks associated with electrofishing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Isobe, S., Ishida, N., Koizumi, M., Hazlewood, C. F., and Kano, H. (1999). Effect of electric field on physical states of cell-associated water in germinating morning glory seeds observed by H-NMR. BBA-General Subjects 1426, 17–31.
| Effect of electric field on physical states of cell-associated water in germinating morning glory seeds observed by H-NMR.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 9878679PubMed |
Kim, J., and Mandrak, N. E. (2017). Effects of vertical electric barrier on the behaviour of common carp. Management of Biological Invasions 8, 497–505.
| Effects of vertical electric barrier on the behaviour of common carp.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Klink, A., Polechonska, L., Dambiec, M., Bienkowski, P., Klink, J., and Salamacha, Z. (2019). The influence of an electric field on growth and trace metal content in aquatic plants. International Journal of Phytoremediation 21, 246–250.
| The influence of an electric field on growth and trace metal content in aquatic plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30656975PubMed |
Lamarque, P. (1990). Electrophysiology of fish in electric fields. In ‘Fishing with Electricity: Applications in Freshwater Fisheries Management’. (Eds I. G. Cowx and P. Lamarque.) pp. 4–33. (Blackwell Science: Oxford, UK.)
Lento, J., and Morin, A. (2014). Filling the gaps in stream size spectra: using electroshocking to collect large macroinvertebrates. Hydrobiologia 732, 1–17.
| Filling the gaps in stream size spectra: using electroshocking to collect large macroinvertebrates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liu, H., Zhou, W., Li, X. W., Chu, Q. H., Tang, N., Shu, B. Z., Liu, G. H., and Xing, W. (2020). How many submerged macrophyte species are needed to improve water clarity and quality in Yangtze floodplain lakes? The Science of the Total Environment 724, 138267.
| How many submerged macrophyte species are needed to improve water clarity and quality in Yangtze floodplain lakes?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32408468PubMed |
Luo, J., Cai, L., Qi, S., Wu, J., and Gu, X. S. (2018). Influence of direct and alternating current electric fields on efficiency promotion and leaching risk alleviation of chelator assisted phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 149, 241–247.
| Influence of direct and alternating current electric fields on efficiency promotion and leaching risk alleviation of chelator assisted phytoremediation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29241117PubMed |
Marquard, E., Weigelt, A., Temperton, V. M., Roscher, C., Schumacher, J., and Buchmann, N. (2009). Plant species richness and functional composition drive overyielding in a 6-year grassland experiment. Ecology 90, 3290–3302.
| Plant species richness and functional composition drive overyielding in a 6-year grassland experiment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20120799PubMed |
Matsche, M. A., Rosemary, K., and Stence, C. P. (2017). A comparison of hematology, plasma chemistry, and injuries in hickory shad (Alosa mediocris) captured by electrofishing or angling during a spawning run. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 46, 471–482.
| A comparison of hematology, plasma chemistry, and injuries in hickory shad (Alosa mediocris) captured by electrofishing or angling during a spawning run.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28605122PubMed |
Miranda, L. E. (2014). Monitoring fish distributions along electrofishing segments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186, 8899–8905.
| Monitoring fish distributions along electrofishing segments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25238810PubMed |
Mueller, M., Pander, J., Knott, J., and Geist, J. (2017). Comparison of nine different methods to assess fish communities in lentic flood-plain habitats. Journal of Fish Biology 91, 144–174.
| Comparison of nine different methods to assess fish communities in lentic flood-plain habitats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28542802PubMed |
Murr, L. E. (1963). Plant growth response in a simulated electric field environment. Nature 200, 490–491.
| Plant growth response in a simulated electric field environment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Murray, F., Copland, P., Boulcott, P., Robertson, M., and Bailey, N. (2016). Impacts of electrofishing for razor clams (Ensis spp.) on benthic fauna. Fisheries Research 174, 40–46.
| Impacts of electrofishing for razor clams (Ensis spp.) on benthic fauna.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
O’Hare, M. T., Aguiar, F. C., Asaeda, T., Bakker, E. S., Chambers, P. A., Clayton, J. S., and Wood, K. A. (2018). Plants in aquatic ecosystems: current trends and future directions. Hydrobiologia 812, 1–11.
| Plants in aquatic ecosystems: current trends and future directions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Oberlercher, T. M., and Wanzenböck, J. (2016). Impact of electric fishing on egg survival of whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus. Fisheries Management and Ecology 23, 540–547.
| Impact of electric fishing on egg survival of whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Patwardhan, M. S., and Gandhare, W. Z. (2013). High voltage electric field effects on the germination rate of tomato seeds. Acta Agrophysics 20, 403–413.
R Core Team (2018). ‘R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.’ (R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria.)
Reynolds, J. B. (1996). Electrofishing. In ‘Fisheries Techniques’, 2nd Edn. (Eds B. R. Murphy and D. W. Willis.) pp. 221–253. (American Fisheries Society: Bethesda, MD, USA.)
Roscher, C., Schumacher, J., Lipowsky, A., Gubsch, M., Weigelt, A., and Pompe, S. (2013). A functional trait-based approach to understand community assembly and diversity–productivity relationships over 7 years in experimental grasslands. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 15, 139–149.
| A functional trait-based approach to understand community assembly and diversity–productivity relationships over 7 years in experimental grasslands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sagerman, J., Hansen, J. P., and Wikstrom, A. (2020). Effects of boat traffic and mooring infrastructure on aquatic vegetation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ambio 49, 517–530.
| Effects of boat traffic and mooring infrastructure on aquatic vegetation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31297728PubMed |
Salonen, J. K., and Taskinen, J. (2017). Electrofishing as a new method to search for unknown populations of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera. Aquatic Conservation 27, 115–127.
| Electrofishing as a new method to search for unknown populations of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sasidharan, R., Hartman, S., Liu, Z., Martopawiro, S., Sajeev, N., van Veen, H., Yeung, E., and Voeseneka, L. A. C. J. (2018). Signal dynamics and interactions during flooding stress. Plant Physiology 176, 1106–1117.
| Signal dynamics and interactions during flooding stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29097391PubMed |
Schmiedchen, K., Petri, A. K., Driessen, S., and Bailey, W. H. (2018). Systematic review of biological effects of exposure to static electric fields. Part II: invertebrates and plants. Environmental Research 160, 60–76.
| Systematic review of biological effects of exposure to static electric fields. Part II: invertebrates and plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28963966PubMed |
Schutten, J., Dainty, J., and Davy, A. J. (2005). Root anchorage and its significance for submerged plants in shallow lakes. Journal of Ecology 93, 556–571.
| Root anchorage and its significance for submerged plants in shallow lakes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Selga, T., and Selga, M. (1996). Response of Pinus sylvestris L. needles to electromagnetic fields. Cytological and ultrastructural aspects. The Science of the Total Environment 180, 65–73.
| Response of Pinus sylvestris L. needles to electromagnetic fields. Cytological and ultrastructural aspects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Simpson, W. G., Peterson, D. P., Steink, K., and Beck, L. (2018). The efficacy of killing developing common carp embryos with electricity: using a laboratory evaluation to assess a potential means of reducing the recruitment of an invasive fish. Management of Biological Invasions 9, 279–290.
| The efficacy of killing developing common carp embryos with electricity: using a laboratory evaluation to assess a potential means of reducing the recruitment of an invasive fish.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Smith, B. J., Simpkins, D. G., and Strakosh, T. R. (2017). How quickly do fish communities recover from boat electrofishing in large lakes? Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8, 625–631.
| How quickly do fish communities recover from boat electrofishing in large lakes?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Snyder, D. E. (2003). Invited overview: conclusions from a review of electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 13, 445–453.
| Invited overview: conclusions from a review of electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Soetaert, M., Verschueren, B., Decostere, A., Saunders, J., Polet, H., and Chiers, K. (2018). No injuries in European sea bass tetanized by pulse stimulation used in electrotrawling. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 38, 247–252.
| No injuries in European sea bass tetanized by pulse stimulation used in electrotrawling.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stokstad, E. (2018). Tensions flare over electric fishing in European waters. Science 359, 261.
| Tensions flare over electric fishing in European waters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29348217PubMed |
Strayer, D. L., and Dudgeon, D. (2010). Freshwater biodiversity conservation: recent progress and future challenges. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29, 344–358.
| Freshwater biodiversity conservation: recent progress and future challenges.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Teulier, L., Guillard, L., Leon, C., Romestaing, C., and Voituron, Y. (2018). Consequences of electroshock-induced narcosis in fish muscle: from mitochondria to swim performance. Journal of Fish Biology 92, 1805–1818.
| Consequences of electroshock-induced narcosis in fish muscle: from mitochondria to swim performance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29577292PubMed |
Thomas, P. O., Gulland, F. M. D., Reeves, R. R., Kreb, D., Wang, D., Smith, B., Malik, M. I., Ryan, G. E., and Phay, S. (2019). Electrofishing as a potential threat to freshwater cetaceans. Endangered Species Research 39, 207–220.
| Electrofishing as a potential threat to freshwater cetaceans.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wu, J. (2017). The analysis and thought of the forbiddance of illegal electrofishing behavior. Chinese Fishery 12, 62–63.
Wu, A. P., Liu, J., He, F. F., Wang, Y. H., Zhang, X. J., Duan, X. D., and Qian, Z. Y. (2018). Negative relationship between diversity and productivity under plant invasion. Ecological Research 33, 949–957.
| Negative relationship between diversity and productivity under plant invasion.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wu, A. P., He, Y., Ye, S. Y., Qi, L. Y., Liu, L., Zhong, W., Wang, Y. H., and Fu, H. (2020). Negative effects of a piscicide, rotenone, on the growth and metabolism of three submerged macrophytes. Chemosphere 250, 126246.
| Negative effects of a piscicide, rotenone, on the growth and metabolism of three submerged macrophytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32097811PubMed |
Ye, B., Chu, Z., Wu, A. P., Hou, Z., and Wang, S. (2018). Optimum water depth ranges of dominant submersed macrophytes in a natural freshwater lake. PLoS One 13, e0193176.
| Optimum water depth ranges of dominant submersed macrophytes in a natural freshwater lake.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30517118PubMed |
Yemm, E. W., and Cocking, E. C. (1955). The determination of amino acids with ninhydrin. Analyst 80, 209–213.
| The determination of amino acids with ninhydrin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yuan, G., Fu, H., Zhong, J., Lou, Q., Ni, L., and Cao, T. (2016). Growth and C/N metabolism of three submersed macrophytes in response to water depths. Environmental and Experimental Botany 122, 94–99.
| Growth and C/N metabolism of three submersed macrophytes in response to water depths.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang, Y. L., Jeppesen, E., Liu, X. H., Qin, B. Q., Shi, K., and Zhou, Y. Q. (2017). Global loss of aquatic vegetation in lakes. Earth-Science Reviews 173, 259–265.
| Global loss of aquatic vegetation in lakes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhou, K., Sun, J., Gao, A., and Würsig, B. (1998). Baiji (Lipotes vexillifer) in the lower Yangtze River: movements, numbers, threats and conservation needs. Aquatic Mammals 24, 123–132.
Zhu, G., Li, W., Zhang, M., Ni, L., and Wang, S. (2012). Adaptation of submerged macrophytes to both water depth and flood intensity as revealed by their mechanical resistance. Hydrobiologia 696, 77–93.
| Adaptation of submerged macrophytes to both water depth and flood intensity as revealed by their mechanical resistance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
