Walking, swimming or hitching a ride? Phylogenetics and biogeography of the walking shark genus Hemiscyllium
Christine L. Dudgeon A H , Shannon Corrigan B , Lei Yang B , Gerry R. Allen C , Mark V. Erdmann D E ,
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Saint Lucia, Qld, 4072 Australia.
B Florida Museum of Natural History, Dickinson Hall, 1659 Museum Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
C Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, WA 6986, Australia.
D Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program, Jalan Dr Muwardi 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235, Indonesia.
E California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
F Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (P2O LIPI), Jalan Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia.
G CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections Australia, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7000, Australia.
H Corresponding author. Email: c.dudgeon@uq.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 71(9) 1107-1117 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF19163
Submitted: 7 May 2019 Accepted: 28 October 2019 Published: 21 January 2020
Abstract
It can be challenging to identify the forces that drive speciation in marine environments for organisms that are capable of widespread dispersal because their contemporary distributions often belie the historical processes that were responsible for their initial diversification. In this contribution we explore the likely sequence of events responsible for the radiation of walking sharks in the genus Hemiscyllium using a dated molecular phylogeny. The nine currently recognised species in the genus consist of small, benthic sharks that are restricted to the Indo-Australian Archipelago and show limited dispersal at both juvenile and adult stages. We discuss how major tectonic changes, sea level fluctuations and the unique biology of the species may have influenced speciation in the group, as well as the current distribution of the genus and each of its constituent species. Phylogeographic analysis of the genus combined with biogeographic reconstruction of the region shows a recent radiation during the Miocene and Pliocene, and supports a combination of vicariance and founder modes of speciation mediated by major tectonic, geological and oceanographic historical processes.
Additional keywords: Australia, eastern Indonesia, epaulette shark, New Guinea, radiation, Sahul region.
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