How does marker choice affect your diet analysis: comparing genetic markers and digestion levels for diet metabarcoding of tropical-reef piscivores
Floriaan Devloo-Delva A B C I , Roger Huerlimann A D , Gladys Chua A , Jordan K. Matley E , Michelle R. Heupel F , Colin A. Simpfendorfer A and Gregory E. Maes A D G H
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 145 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
B Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIRO, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia.
C School of Biological Sciences–Quantitative Marine Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
D Comparative Genomics Centre, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 145 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
E Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, 2 John Brewers Bay St Thomas, VI 00802, USA.
F Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.
G Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
H Center for Human Genetics, UZ Leuven–Genomics Core, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
I Corresponding author. Email: floriaan.devloo.delva@hotmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 70(1) 8-18 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17209
Submitted: 9 July 2017 Accepted: 15 January 2018 Published: 9 April 2018
Abstract
Tropical reefs are highly diverse ecosystems, and reliable biomonitoring, through diet metabarcoding, is needed to understand present and future trophic relationships in this changing habitat. Several studies have assessed the reliability and effectiveness of single molecular markers; however, a cross-marker validation has rarely been performed. This study identified crucial properties for 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COI metabarcoding in tropical-reef piscivores (Plectropomus spp.). In addition, three new versatile primer sets for 16S were designed in silico for metabarcoding of reef fish. Results showed that COI was overall better at recovering true diversity because of a well-supported database. Second, optimal 16S amplicon sizes ranged between 160 and 440 base pairs for full diversity recovery, with increased species detection for the 270-base pairs region. Finally, blocking of predator-specific COI sequences was not equally effective in all host species, potentially introducing bias when diet compositions are directly compared. In conclusion, this novel study showed that marker success for prey identification is highly dependent on the reference database, taxonomic scope, DNA quality, amplicon length and sequencing platform. Results suggest that COI, complemented with 16S, yields the best outcome for diet metabarcoding in reef piscivores. Findings in this paper are relevant to other piscivores and other metabarcoding applications.
Additional keywords: amplicon length, coral trout, gut contents, marine predators, metabarcoding performance, 16S metabarcoding primers.
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