Effects of genetic and environmental factors on growth of southern calamary, Sepioteuthis australis, from southern Australia and northern New Zealand
Lianos TriantafillosSouth Australian Research and Development Institute, Aquatic Sciences, PO Box 120, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia. Present address: 39 Danby Street, Torrensville, SA 5031, Australia. Email: calamary@iprimus.com.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 55(4) 439-446 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF03157
Submitted: 8 December 2004 Accepted: 9 March 2004 Published: 22 June 2004
Abstract
Extreme plasticity in growth is consistently found by ageing studies on squid. This study examined the contribution that genetic and environmental factors had on growth of the southern calamary, Sepioteuthis australis, from sites in southern Western Australia, South Australia and New Zealand. A total of 147 adults, comprising three sympatric genetic types (two parental taxa and one hybrid), were aged by counting microincrements in statoliths. Estimates of age ranged from 121 to 268 days and varied with mantle length, sex, genetic type and region. Males grew much faster and attained a larger size than females. Significant differences were also detected between genetic types, with the hybrids always growing faster (at least 60% larger at 150 days old) than the two parental taxa, a phenomenon commonly referred to as hybrid vigour. Spatial differences in growth were also detected, with individuals from Western Australia usually growing faster than those from South Australia and New Zealand. Possible explanations for these growth patterns are discussed.
Extra keywords: growth plasticity, intraspecific, life history, statolith age.
Acknowledgments
This project was partially funded by the South Australian Marine Scalefish Fishery, and was conducted as part of a PhD of the Northern Territory University. I am extremely grateful to Mark Adams of the Evolutionary Biology Unit (South Australian Museum) for statistical advice and for help during the development of allozyme markers. I am also grateful to Drs Tony Fowler, Tim Ward, Scoresby Shepherd and three anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. Gretta Pecl kindly provided manuscripts before they had been published.
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