An increase in community onset Clostridium difficile infection: a population-based study, Tasmania, Australia
Brett G. Mitchell A B C E , Fiona Wilson A and Alistair McGregor A DA Tasmanian Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Department of Health and Human Services, GPO Box 125, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
B Australian Catholic University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, PO Box 256, Dickson, ACT 2602, Australia.
C University of Tasmania, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Private Bag 135, Hobart, Tas. 7000, Australia.
D Royal Hobart Hospital, 48 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tas. 7000, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: bgmitc001@myacu.edu.au
Healthcare Infection 17(4) 127-132 https://doi.org/10.1071/HI12029
Submitted: 19 July 2012 Accepted: 18 October 2012 Published: 21 November 2012
Abstract
Background: In early 2012, the Tasmanian Infection Prevention and Control Unit identified a 53% increase in the number of cases of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) identified in Tasmanian public hospitals. To understand this issue further, we undertook a population-based study. The aim of this research was to examine the epidemiology of CDI in Tasmania, with an overarching objective of understanding whether the increase seen in late 2011 was isolated to hospitals or represented a wider phenomenon.
Methods: A population-based study design was used. All cases of laboratory diagnosed CDI that occurred during 2010 and 2011 in Tasmania were identified. Association of the cases with healthcare were determined using national and international CDI surveillance definitions.
Results: A total of 459 cases of CDI from 438 individuals were identified. The incidence of CDI for the study period was 45 per 100 000 persons per year, 95% CI [41–49]. The relative risk (RR) of CDI was significantly higher in females, compared with males, RR 1.27, P = 0.01, 95% CI [1.06–1.54]. We estimate that the incidence of community associated CDI increased from 10 per 100 000 population in 2010, 95% CI [7.5–13.2] to 17 per 100 000 population in 2011 95% CI [14–21.5].
Conclusion: Tasmania experienced a sudden and substantial increase in the number of CDI cases in late 2011. This was most likely linked to transmission and infection pathways in the community, not inside hospitals. This hypothesis requires further testing on a larger scale.
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