Vancomycin-resistant enterococci surveillance of intensive care patients: incidence and outcome of colonisation
Elena Iolovska A , Heather Bullard B , Wendy Beckingham C F , Peter Collignon D E , Imogen Mitchell B and Bronwyn Avard BA Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
B Intensive Care Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia.
C Infection Control, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia.
D Infectious Diseases Unit and Microbiology Department, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia.
E Canberra Clinical School. Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
F Corresponding author. Email: Wendy.Beckingham@act.gov.au
Healthcare Infection 18(3) 115-120 https://doi.org/10.1071/HI11025
Submitted: 26 September 2011 Accepted: 22 March 2013 Published: 15 May 2013
Abstract
Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonisation serves as a reservoir and increases the risk of developing an infection with VRE. Treatment difficulties and infection control measures associated with vancomycin-resistant enterococci present significant costs to health care facilities. To determine the incidence of VRE colonisation in ICU, data collected included hospital and ICU admission, discharge dates, positive and negative VRE swabs for each hospital or ICU admission.
Methods: This study was performed to identify the number of VRE colonisations occurring in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the outcome of these colonised patients. The clinical records of 99 VRE patients identified as having been to ICU during 2009 and 2010 were reviewed.
Results: These patients had a total of 111 ICU admissions. Of these, 30 were classified as definite or probable ICU-acquired VRE colonisations. This equated to 30.1 acquisitions per 10 000 occupied bed days. Thirty-eight patients acquired their VRE from clinical areas other than ICU. In 24 other patients the place of VRE could not be ascertained. In another 19 patients VRE was present when they were admitted from the community but 15 of these (79%) had been hospitalised within the last year. Of the 30 ICU-colonised patients, none developed infections. However, three patients initially colonised in another clinical area developed an infection with VRE while in ICU.
Conclusion: Our study supports the findings of others that most people at risk of VRE colonisation or infection are severely unwell. The high level of colonisation occurring in other clinical areas added to the healthcare expenses in ICU. The increased costs associated with VRE and our findings indicate a greater need to better control VRE transmission not only in the ICU, but in all health care settings.
Additional keywords: healthcare-acquired infection, ICU infections, infection control, surveillance, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).
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