Exogenous application of spermidine mitigates the adverse effects of drought stress in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Ghassen Abid
A * , Rim Nefissi Ouertani B , Emna Ghouili A , Yordan Muhovski C , Salwa Harzalli Jebara A , Souhir Abdelkarim A , Oumaima Chaieb A , Yosr Ben Redjem A , Mohamed El Ayed D , Fathi Barhoumi A , Fatma Souissi A and Moez Jebara A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.
B Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.
C Department of Life Sciences, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Chaussée de Charleroi, BP 234, Gembloux 5030, Belgium.
D Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.
Functional Plant Biology 49(4) 405-420 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP21125
Submitted: 23 April 2021 Accepted: 1 February 2022 Published: 25 February 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
In Tunisia, drought stress is a major environmental factor limiting crop production and causing relatively low and unstable faba bean yields. In the present study, we explored the putative role of spermidine (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM) in ameliorating the effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000, −0.58 MPa) in faba bean seedlings. Drought stress reduced photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll and relative water content in leaves of faba bean variety Badii. Moreover, drought increased proline, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content by inducing reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide) generation in leaves. However, applying spermidine increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase. The results show that the application of spermidine especially at a rate of 1.5 mM effectively reduces oxidative damage and alleviates negative effects caused by drought stress. In addition, exogenous spermidine increased the expression of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes’ genes (VfADC, VfSAMDC and VfSPDS), and reduced the expression of VfSPMS suggesting that exogenous spermidine can regulate polyamines’ metabolic status under drought challenge, and consequently may enhance drought stress tolerance in faba bean. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that some drought responsive genes (VfNAC, VfHSP, VfNCED, VfLEA, VfCAT, VfAPX, VfRD22, VfMYB, VfDHN, VfERF, VfSOD and VfWRKY) from various metabolic pathways were differentially expressed under drought stress. Overall, these genes were more abundantly transcribed in the spermidine-treated plants compared to untreated suggesting an important role of spermidine in modulating faba bean drought stress response and tolerance.
Keywords: drought responsive genes, drought stress, faba bean, gene expression, oxidative damage, polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, spermidine, qRT-PCR.
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