Sunlight-induced repair of photosystem II in moss Semibarbula orientalis under submergence stress
Upma Bhatt A , Shubhangani Sharma A , Hazem M. Kalaji
B C , Reto J. Strasser D , Chrystian Chomontowski C and Vineet Soni A *
A Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India.
B Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, Aleja Hrabska 3, Raszyn 05-090, Poland.
C Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
D Plant Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, Jussy 1254, Switzerland.
Functional Plant Biology 50(10) 777-791 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP23073
Submitted: 22 March 2023 Accepted: 1 August 2023 Published: 12 September 2023
Abstract
Lower plants such as bryophytes often encounter submergence stress, even in low precipitation conditions. Our study aimed to understand the mechanism of submergence tolerance to withstand this frequent stress in moss (Semibarbula orientalis) during the day and at night. These findings emphasise that light plays a crucial role in photoreactivation of PSII in S. orientalis, which indicates that light not only fuels photosynthesis but also aids in repairing the photosynthetic machinery in plants. Submergence negatively affects photosynthesis parameters such as specific and phenomenological fluxes, density of functional PSII reaction centres (RC/CS), photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (Kp and Kn), quantum yields (ϕP0, ϕE0, ϕD0), primary and secondary photochemistry, performance indices (PIcs and PIabs), etc. Excessive antenna size caused photoinhibition at the PSII acceptor side, reducing the plastoquinone pool through the formation of PSII triplets and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS-induced protein and PSII damage triggered the initiation of the repair cycle in presence of sunlight, eventually leading to the resumption of PSII activity. However, ROS production was regulated by antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. The rapid recovery of RS/CS observed specifically under sunlight conditions emphasises the vital role of light in enabling the assembly of essential units, such as the D1 protein of PSII, during stress in S. orientalis. Overall, light is instrumental in restoring the photosynthetic potential in S. orientalis growing under submergence stress. Additionally, it was observed that plants subjected to submergence stress during daylight hours rapidly recover their photosynthetic performance. However, submergence stress during the night requires a comparatively longer period for the restoration of photosynthesis in the moss S. orientalis.
Keywords: abiotic stress, chlorophyll a fluorescence, flooding, photoreactivation, photosynthesis, PS-II, Semibarbula orientalis, submergence.
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