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Functional Plant Biology Functional Plant Biology Society
Plant function and evolutionary biology
REVIEW

Zinc and nano zinc mediated alleviation of heavy metals and metalloids in plants: an overview

Sanaullah Jalil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-3989 A , Muhammad Mudassir Nazir B , Qurban Ali C , Faisal Zulfiqar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-5695 D * , Anam Moosa E , Muhammad Ahsan Altaf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-479X F , Abbu Zaid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-0212 G , Muhammad Nafees D , Jean Wan Hong Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3325-8254 H * and Xiaoli Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-176X A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A The Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.

B School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

C Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Punjab University, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.

D Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.

E Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

F School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China.

G Department of Botany, Government Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu, India.

H Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 23456, Sweden.


Handling Editor: Honghong Wu

Functional Plant Biology 50(11) 870-888 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP23021
Submitted: 14 February 2023  Accepted: 30 July 2023   Published: 21 August 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) contamination in the environment has heightened recently due to increasing global concern for food safety and human livability. Zinc (Zn2+) is an important nutrient required for the normal development of plants. It is an essential cofactor for the vital enzymes involved in various biological mechanisms of plants. Interestingly, Zn2+ has an additional role in the detoxification of HMs in plants due to its unique biochemical-mediating role in several soil and plant processes. During any exposure to high levels of HMs, the application of Zn2+ would confer greater plant resilience by decreasing oxidative stress, maintaining uptake of nutrients, photosynthesis productivity and optimising osmolytes concentration. Zn2+ also has an important role in ameliorating HMs toxicity by regulating metal uptake through the expression of certain metal transporter genes, targeted chelation and translocation from roots to shoots. This review examined the vital roles of Zn2+ and nano Zn in plants and described their involvement in alleviating HMs toxicity in plants. Moving forward, a broad understanding of uptake, transport, signalling and tolerance mechanisms of Zn2+/zinc and its nanoparticles in alleviating HMs toxicity of plants will be the first step towards a wider incorporation of Zn2+ into agricultural practices.

Keywords: antioxidant, heavy metals, metalloids, nanoparticles, pollution, phytoremediation, reactive oxygen species, zinc.

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