Biomass partitioning and ionomics of Macadamia with high manganese and low phosphorus concentrations
Xin Zhao A , Yang Lyu A , Qianqian Dong A , Xiyong He B , Hai Yue B , Liping Yang B , Liang Tao B , Lidan Gong B , Hongxu Zheng A , Sijie Wen A , Hans Lambers
A C and Jianbo Shen A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
B Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, P. R. China.
C School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
Functional Plant Biology 50(7) 559-570 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22197
Submitted: 27 August 2022 Accepted: 13 April 2023 Published: 22 May 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Knowledge of the ionome of plant organs helps us understand a plant’s nutritional status. However, the ionome of Macadamia (Proteaceae), which is an important nut-producing tree, remains unknown. We aimed to characterise the allocation of biomass and nutrient-partitioning patterns in three macadamia genotypes. We excavated 15 productive trees (three cultivars at 21 years of age; two cultivars at 16 years of age) in an orchard. Biomass, nutrient concentrations, and contents of roots, stems, branches, and leaves were analysed. Dry weight of roots, stems, branches and leaves accounted for 14–20%, 19–30%, 36–52%, and 12–18% of total plant weight, respectively. No significant difference was found in the total biomass among the cultivars at the same age. Compared with most crop plants, macadamia had low phosphorus (P) concentrations in all organs (<1 g kg−1), and low leaf zinc (Zn) concentration (8 mg kg−1). In contrast, macadamia accumulated large amounts of manganese (Mn), with a 20-fold higher leaf Mn concentration than what is considered sufficient for crop plants. Leaves exhibited the highest nutrient concentrations, except for iron and Zn, which exhibited the highest concentrations in roots. The organ-specific ionomics of Macadamia is characterised by low P and high Mn concentrations, associated with adaptation to P-impoverished habitats.
Keywords: biomass partitioning, ionomics, leaf zinc concentration, macadamia, manganese concentration, nutrient allocation, phosphorus concentration, plant organs.
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