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Functional Plant Biology Functional Plant Biology Society
Plant function and evolutionary biology
REVIEW

Plant Specialised Glycosides (PSGs): their biosynthetic enzymatic machinery, physiological functions and commercial potential

Gopal Singh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-4230 A B C , Shikha Sharma A B , Sandeep Rawat A D and Ram Kumar Sharma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1167-9499 A B *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.

B Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

C Present address: Department of Plant Functional Metabolomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.

D Present address: G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India.


Handling Editor: David Cahill

Functional Plant Biology 49(12) 1009-1028 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP21294
Submitted: 28 October 2020  Accepted: 2 August 2022   Published: 30 August 2022

© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Plants, the primary producers of our planet, have evolved from simple aquatic life to very complex terrestrial habitat. This habitat transition coincides with evolution of enormous chemical diversity, collectively termed as ‘Plant Specialised Metabolisms (PSMs)’, to cope the environmental challenges. Plant glycosylation is an important process of metabolic diversification of PSMs to govern their in planta stability, solubility and inter/intra-cellular transport. Although, individual category of PSMs (terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phytohormones, glucosinolates and cyanogenic glycosides) have been well studied; nevertheless, deeper insights of physiological functioning and genomic aspects of plant glycosylation/deglycosylation processes including enzymatic machinery (CYPs, GTs, and GHs) and regulatory elements are still elusive. Therefore, this review discussed the paradigm shift on genomic background of enzymatic machinery, transporters and regulatory mechanism of ‘Plant Specialised Glycosides (PSGs)’. Current efforts also update the fundamental understanding about physiological, evolutionary and adaptive role of glycosylation/deglycosylation processes during the metabolic diversification of PSGs. Additionally, futuristic considerations and recommendations for employing integrated next-generation multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), including gene/genome editing (CRISPR-Cas) approaches are also proposed to explore commercial potential of PSGs.

Keywords: cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), glycosyl hydrolases (GHs), glycosyltransferases (GTs), plant adaptation, plant evolution, plant genomics, plant glycosylation, plant specialised metabolism.


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