Nitric oxide and spermidine alleviate arsenic-incited oxidative damage in Cicer arietinum by modulating glyoxalase and antioxidant defense system
Riti Thapar Kapoor
A * , Daniel Ingo Hefft B and Ajaz Ahmad C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Plant Physiology Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
B University Centre Reaseheath, Food and Agricultural Sciences, Reaseheath College, Nantwich CW5 6DF, UK.
C Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Functional Plant Biology - https://doi.org/10.1071/FP21196
Submitted: 6 July 2021 Accepted: 29 September 2021 Published online: 19 November 2021
© 2021 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities such as mining, fossil fuel combustion, fertilisers and pesticides utilisation in agriculture, metallurgic processes and disposal of industrial wastes have contributed an exponential rise in arsenic content in environment. The present paper deals with arsenate (AsV) incited stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants and its alleviation through the application of nitric oxide (NO) and spermidine (SPD). The exposure of C. arietinum to AsV reduced seedling length, biomass, relative water content and biochemical constituents. All the above-mentioned parameters were escalated when sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or SPD were utilised alone or in combination with AsV. The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were increased in chickpea treated with AsV, but reduced in combine treatment (As + SNP + SPD). In chickpea seedlings, 89.4, 248.4 and 333.3% stimulation were recorded in sugar, proline and glycine betaine contents, respectively, with As + SNP + SPD treatment in comparison to control. SNP and SPD modulated function of glyoxalase enzymes by which methylglyoxal (MG) was significantly detoxified in C. arietinum. Maximum reduction 45.2% was observed in MG content in SNP + SPD treatment over AsV stress. Hence, synergistic application of NO and SPD protected chickpea plants against AsV-generated stress by strengthening the antioxidant defence and glyoxalase system, which helped in regulation of biochemical pathways.
Keywords: antioxidants, arsenate, Cicer arietinum, glyoxalase system, growth, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, spermidine.
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