The effect of zinc fertilisation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on grain quality and yield of contrasting barley cultivars
Ahmed A. Al Mutairi A B , Timothy R. Cavagnaro
A , Shi Fang Khor A C , Kylie Neumann A C , Rachel A. Burton A C and Stephanie J. Watts-Williams A C D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and the Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
B Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, PO Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
C The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: stephanie.watts-williams@adelaide.edu.au.
Functional Plant Biology 47(2) 122-133 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP19220
Submitted: 5 August 2019 Accepted: 25 September 2019 Published: 8 January 2020
Abstract
Zinc is essential for the functioning of many enzymes and plant processes and the malting process. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve zinc (Zn) uptake in the important cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare) on Zn-deficient soils. Here we investigated the impacts of Zn fertilisation and AMF on the yield and grain quality of malting barley cultivars. Five barley genotypes were inoculated or not with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis, and grown in pots either fertilised with Zn or not. Measurements of Zn nutrition and yield were made for all cultivars. Further analyses of grain biochemical composition, including starch, β-glucan and arabinoxylan contents, and analysis of ATR-MIR spectra were made in two contrasting cultivars. Mycorrhizal colonisation generally resulted in decreased biomass, but increased grain dimensions and mean grain weight. Barley grain yield and biochemical qualities were highly variable between cultivars, and the ATR-MIR spectra revealed grain compositional differences between cultivars and AMF treatments. Mycorrhizal fungi can affect barley grain Zn concentration and starch content, but grain biochemical traits including β-glucan and arabinoxylan contents were more conserved by the cultivar, and unaffected by AMF inoculation. The ATR-MIR spectra revealed that there are other grain characteristics affected by AMF that remain to be elucidated.
Additional keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, arabinoxylan, β-glucan, barley (Hordeum vulgare), grain quality, starch, zinc
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