FT genes and regulation of flowering in the legume Medicago truncatula
Joanna Putterill A D , Lulu Zhang A , Chin Chin Yeoh A , Martin Balcerowicz A B , Mauren Jaudal A and Erika Varkonyi Gasic C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Flowering Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
B Present Address: Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany.
C The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
D Corresponding author. Email: j.putterill@auckland.ac.nz
This paper originates from a presentation at the ‘VI International Conference on Legume Genetics and Genomics (ICLGG)’ Hyderabad, India, 2–7 October 2012.
Functional Plant Biology 40(12) 1199-1207 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP13087
Submitted: 8 April 2013 Accepted: 25 May 2013 Published: 11 July 2013
Abstract
Flowering time is an important contributor to plant productivity and yield. Plants integrate flowering signals from a range of different internal and external cues in order to flower and set seed under optimal conditions. Networks of genes controlling flowering time have been uncovered in the flowering models Arabidopsis, wheat, barley and rice. Investigations have revealed important commonalities such as FT genes that promote flowering in all of these plants, as well as regulators that are unique to some of them. FT genes also have functions beyond floral promotion, including acting as floral repressors and having a complex role in woody polycarpic plants such as vines and trees. However, much less is known overall about flowering control in other important groups of plants such as the legumes. This review discusses recent efforts to uncover flowering-time regulators using candidate gene approaches or forward screens for spring early flowering mutants in the legume Medicago truncatula. The results highlight the importance of a Medicago FT gene, FTa1, in flowering-time control. However, the mechanisms by which FTa1 is regulated by environmental signals such as long days (photoperiod) and vernalisation (winter cold) appear to differ from Arabidopsis.
Additional keywords: CO-like genes, circadian, FLC, repressor, pea.
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