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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 51(12)

Escape of etiolated hypocotyls of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from the unilateral high intensity blue light after being pulled out from the soil

Qing-Ping Zhao A B # , Qian-Yi Lv A # , Xiang-Lin Fu A , Qi-Qi Wu A , Yan-Fei Liu A , Lin-Lin Xue A and Xiang Zhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4012-9154 A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.

B College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan 473061, China.

* Correspondence to: xzhao@henu.edu.cn

# These authors contributed equally to this work

Handling Editor: Wieland Fricke

Functional Plant Biology 51, FP24246 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP24246
Submitted: 27 September 2024  Accepted: 13 November 2024  Published: 9 December 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Plant stems grow towards the incident light in response to unilateral blue light to optimize photosynthesis. However, our findings reveal that unilateral high-intensity blue light (HBL) triggers backlit lodging in etiolated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hypocotyls when they are pulled approximately 1.5 cm from the soil. Phenotypic analysis indicated that stomata on the lit side were open, while those on the shaded side were closed under unilateral HBL. To investigate the relationship between stomatal movement and backlit lodging, we applied abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) to the lit side, and cytokinins (6-BA) and ascorbic acid (ASA) to the shaded side. Results showed that all these treatments inhibited the backlit lodging phenomenon, specifically, ABA, H2O2, and LaCl3 reduced stomatal opening on the lit side, while 6-BA and ASA enhanced stomatal opening on the shade side. These results demonstrate that HBL-induced asymmetrical stomatal opening on the lit and shade side of hypocotyl supports the backlit lodging phenomenon. Notably, maize (Zea mays), which lack stomata in the hypocotyl did not exhibit HBL-induced backlit lodging, whereas soybean (Glycine max), which has stomata in its etiolated hypocotyl, displayed a similar phenotype to that of cotton. Additionally, while both red light and low-intensity blue light (LBL) can induce stomatal opening, they do not trigger the backlit lodging phenomenon. These findings suggest that backlit lodging is a unique HBL-dependent response, but the mechanism need further investigation.

Keywords: ABA, backlit lodging, blue light, cotton, etiolated seedling, hypocotyl, stomata, water loss.

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