Canola (Brassica napus) enhances sodium chloride and sodium ion tolerance by maintaining ion homeostasis, higher antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic capacity fluorescence parameters
Lupeng Sun A , Xiaoqiang Cao A , Juncan Du A , Yan Wang A and Fenghua Zhang
A *
A
Abstract
Under salt stress, plants are forced to take up and accumulate large amounts of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−). Although most studies have focused on the toxic effects of Na+ on plants, Cl− stress is also very important. This study aimed to clarify physiological mechanisms underpinning growth contrasts in canola varieties with different salt tolerance. In hydroponic experiments, 150 mM Na+, Cl− and NaCl were applied to salt-tolerant and sensitive canola varieties. Both NaCl and Na+ treatments inhibited seedling growth. NaCl caused the strongest damage to both canola varieties, and stress damage was more severe at high concentrations of Na+ than Cl−. High Cl− promoted the uptake of ions (potassium K+, calcium Ca2+) and induced antioxidant defence. Salt-tolerant varieties were able to mitigate ion toxicity by maintaining lower Na+ content in the root system for a short period of time, and elevating magnesium Mg2+ content, Mg2+/Na+ ratio, and antioxidant enzyme activity to improve photosynthetic capacity. They subsequently re-established new K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ balances to improve their salt tolerance. High concentrations of Cl salts caused less damage to seedlings than NaCl and Na salts, and Cl− also had a positive role in inducing oxidative stress and responsive antioxidant defence in the short term.
Keywords: antioxidants, Canola (Brassica napus L.), chloride, fluorescence parameters, ion balance, ion homeostasis, salt stress, sodium.
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