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Functional Plant Biology Functional Plant Biology Society
Plant function and evolutionary biology
REVIEW

Overview of the roles of calcium sensors in plants’ response to osmotic stress signalling

Toi Ketehouli https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-6152 A * , Viet Hoang Nguyen Quoc A , Jinye Dong A , Hoaithuong Do B , Xiaowei Li A and Fawei Wang A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.

B Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.


Handling Editor: Frans Maathuis

Functional Plant Biology 49(7) 589-599 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22012
Submitted: 18 October 2021  Accepted: 9 March 2022   Published: 28 March 2022

© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Calcium signals serve an important function as secondary messengers between cells in various biological processes due to their robust homeostatic mechanism, maintaining an intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. Plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress are all regulated by Ca2+ signals. Ca2+ binding proteins decode and convey the messages encoded by Ca2+ ions. In the presence of high quantities of Mg2+ and monovalent cations, such sensors bind to Ca2+ ions and modify their conformation in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), calmodulins (CaMs), and calcineurin B-like proteins are all calcium sensors (CBLs). To transmit Ca2+ signals, CPKs, CBLs, and CaMs interact with target proteins and regulate the expression of their genes. These target proteins may be protein kinases, metabolic enzymes, or cytoskeletal-associated proteins. Beyond its role in plant nutrition as a macroelement and its involvement in the plant cell wall structure, calcium modulates many aspects of development, growth and adaptation to environmental constraints such as drought, salinity and osmotic stresses. This review summarises current knowledge on calcium sensors in plant responses to osmotic stress signalling.

Keywords: calcineurin B-like proteins, calcium, calcium-depend protein kinases, calcium sensors, calmodulins, enzymes, osmotic stress, protein kinases.


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