A review of current knowledge about the formation of native peridermal exocarp in fruit
Nikolai C. Macnee A B , Ria Rebstock A , Ian C. Hallett A , Robert J. Schaffer B C and Sean M. Bulley
D E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Mount Albert, Auckland 1025, New Zealand.
B School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
C The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 55 Old Mill Road, RD3, Motueka 7198, New Zealand.
D The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 412 No. 1 Road, RD2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand.
E Corresponding author. Email: sean.bulley@plantandfood.co.nz
Functional Plant Biology 47(12) 1019-1031 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP19135
Submitted: 21 May 2019 Accepted: 29 May 2020 Published: 23 June 2020
Journal compilation © CSIRO 2020 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
The outer skin layer in any plant is essential in offering a protective barrier against water loss and pathogen attack. Within fleshy fruit, the skin supports internal cell layers and can provide the initial cues in attracting seed-dispersing animals. The skin of a fruit, termed the exocarp, is a key element of consumer preference and a target for many breeding programs. Across fruiting species there is a huge diversity of exocarp types and these range from a simple single living cell layer (epidermis) often covered with a waxy layer, to complex multicellular suberised and dead cell layers (periderm), with various intermediate russet forms in between. Each exocarp can be interspersed with other structures such as hairs or spines. The epidermis has been well characterised and remains pluripotent with the help of the cells immediately under the epidermis. The periderm, in contrast, is the result of secondary meristematic activity, which replaces the epidermal layers, and is not well characterised in fruits. In this review we explore the structure, composition and mechanisms that control the development of a periderm type fruit exocarp. We draw upon literature from non-fleshy fruit species that form periderm tissue, from which a considerable amount of research has been undertaken.
Additional keywords: exocarp, fruit skin, periderm.
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