Rutin, a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, improves plant salinity tolerance by regulating K+ retention and Na+ exclusion from leaf mesophyll in quinoa and broad beans
Hebatollah Ismail A B , Jelena Dragišić Maksimović C , Vuk Maksimović C , Lana Shabala A , Branka D. Živanović A C , Yu Tian A D , Sven-Erik Jacobsen A E and Sergey Shabala A F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Land and Food and Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
B Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia , PO Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
C Institute for Multidisciplinary Studies, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
D Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng St, Nanguan, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
E University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
F Corresponding author. Email: sergey.shabala@utas.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 43(1) 75-86 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP15312
Submitted: 1 October 2015 Accepted: 1 November 2015 Published: 10 December 2015
Abstract
The causal relationship between salinity and oxidative stress tolerance is well established, but specific downstream targets and the role of specific antioxidant compounds in controlling cellular ionic homeostasis remains elusive. In this work, we have compared antioxidant profiles of leaves of two quinoa genotypes contrasting in their salt tolerance, with the aim of understanding the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in salinity stress tolerance. Only changes in superoxide dismutase activity were correlated with plant adaptive responses to salinity. Proline accumulation played no major role in either osmotic adjustment or in the tissue tolerance mechanism. Among other non-enzymatic antioxidants, rutin levels were increased by over 25 fold in quinoa leaves. Exogenous application of rutin to glycophyte bean leaves improved tissue tolerance and reduced detrimental effects of salinity on leaf photochemistry. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that these beneficial effects were attributed to improved potassium retention and increased rate of Na+ pumping from the cell. The lack of correlation between rutin-induced changes in K+ and H+ fluxes suggest that rutin accumulation in the cytosol scavenges hydroxyl radical formed in response to salinity treatment thus preventing K+ leak via one of ROS-activated K+ efflux pathways, rather than controlling K+ flux via voltage-gated K+-permeable channels.
Additional keywords: ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, Chenopodium quinoa, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative stress, phenols, proline, reactive oxygen species, ROS, superoxide dismutase.
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