Seasonality of foliar respiration in two dominant plant species from the Arctic tundra: response to long-term warming and short-term temperature variability
Mary A. Heskel A B E , Danielle Bitterman A , Owen K. Atkin B , Matthew H. Turnbull C and Kevin L. Griffin A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
B Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
C School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
D Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA.
E Corresponding author. Email: mary.heskel@anu.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 41(3) 287-300 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP13137
Submitted: 9 May 2013 Accepted: 22 September 2013 Published: 31 October 2013
Abstract
Direct measurements of foliar carbon exchange through the growing season in Arctic species are limited, despite the need for accurate estimates of photosynthesis and respiration to characterise carbon cycling in the tundra. We examined seasonal variation in foliar photosynthesis and respiration (measured at 20°C) in two field-grown tundra species, Betula nana L. and Eriophorum vaginatum L., under ambient and long-term warming (LTW) conditions (+5°C), and the relationship of these fluxes to intraseasonal temperature variability. Species and seasonal timing drove most of the variation in photosynthetic parameters (e.g. gross photosynthesis (Agross)), respiration in the dark (Rdark) and light (Rlight), and foliar nitrogen concentration. LTW did not consistently influence fluxes through the season but reduced respiration in both species. Alongside the flatter respiratory response to measurement temperature in LTW leaves, this provided evidence of thermal acclimation. The inhibition of respiration by light increased by ~40%, with Rlight : Rdark values of ~0.8 at leaf out decreasing to ~0.4 after 8 weeks. Though LTW had no effect on inhibition, the cross-taxa seasonal decline in Rlight : Rdark greatly reduced respiratory carbon loss. Values of Rlight : Agross decreased from ~0.3 in both species to ~0.15 (B. nana) and ~0.05 (E. vaginatum), driven by decreases in respiratory rates, as photosynthetic rates remained stable. The influence of short-term temperature variability did not exhibit predictive trends for leaf gas exchange at a common temperature. These results underscore the influence of temperature on foliar carbon cycling, and the importance of respiration in controlling seasonal carbon exchange.
Additional keywords: Betula nana, Eriophorum vaginatum, Kok effect, photosynthesis, seasonality.
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