Seasonal and multiannual effects of salinisation on tomato yield and fruit quality
Stefania De Pascale A , Francesco Orsini B , Rosanna Caputo A , Maria Antonella Palermo A , Giancarlo Barbieri A and Albino Maggio A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy (DIAAT), University of Naples, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy.
B Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
C Corresponding author. Email: almaggio@unina.it
Functional Plant Biology 39(8) 689-698 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP12152
Submitted: 21 May 2012 Accepted: 12 July 2012 Published: 9 August 2012
Abstract
The effects of short- and long-term salinisation were studied by comparing tomato growth on a soil exposed to one-season salinisation (short term) vs growth on a soil exposed to >20 years salinisation (long term). Remarkable differences were associated to substantial modifications of the soil physical-chemical characteristics in the root zone, including deteriorated structure, reduced infiltration properties and increased pH. Fresh yield, fruit number and fruit weight were similarly affected by short- and long-term salinisation. In contrast, the marketable yield was significantly lower in the long-term salinised soil – a response that was also associated to nutritional imbalance (mainly referred to P and K). As reported for plants growing under oxygen deprivation stress, the antioxidant capacity of the water soluble fraction of salinised tomato fruits was enhanced by short-term salinisation, also. Overall, long-term salinisation may cause physiological imbalances and yield reductions that cannot be solely attributed to hyperosmotic stress and ionic toxicity. Therefore, the ability of plants to cope with nutritional deficiency and withstand high pH and anoxia may be important traits that should be considered to improve plant tolerance to long-term salinised soils.
Additional keywords: fruit ions concentration, fruit lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities, leaf water potentials, leaf stomatal conductance, short- and long-term salinisation.
References
Adams P, Ho LC (1989) Effects of constant and fluctuating salinity on the yield, quality and calcium status of tomatoes. Journal of Horticultural Science 64, 725–732.AOAC International (Association of Analytical Communities) (2002) ‘Official methods of analysis of AOAC International.’ 17th edn. (Gaithersburg, MD)
Barrett-Lennard EG (2003) The interaction between waterlogging and salinity in higher plants: causes, consequences and implications. Plant and Soil 253, 35–54.
| The interaction between waterlogging and salinity in higher plants: causes, consequences and implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltVemsbk%3D&md5=ae25490c3b1915a7f8f3e509a385c1b7CAS |
Biemelt S, Keetman U, Abrecht G (1998) Re-areation following hypoxia or anoxia leads to activation of the antioxidative defense system in roots of the wheat seedlings. Plant Physiology 116, 651–658.
| Re-areation following hypoxia or anoxia leads to activation of the antioxidative defense system in roots of the wheat seedlings.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXht1aisrw%3D&md5=e248b366996eb9fe08230ff3d52ce662CAS |
Blake GR, Hartge KH (1986) Bulk censity. In ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 1 Physical and mineralogical methods. Agronomy No. 9’. (Ed. A Klute) pp. 363–382. (American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI)
Blokhina O, Virolainen E, Fagerstedt KV (2003) Antioxidant, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Annals of Botany 91, 179–194.
| Antioxidant, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitVCksbw%3D&md5=d6c0b5b62d8e0321e36ca9c4ec443225CAS |
Colmer TD, Flowers TJ (2008) Flooding tolerance in halophytes. New Phytologist 179, 964–974.
| Flooding tolerance in halophytes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFWqurzM&md5=ba99c49688ed8322da7f3378433c1973CAS |
Cuartero J, Fernàndez-Muñoz R (1998) Tomato and salinity. Scientia Horticulturae 78, 83–125.
| Tomato and salinity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cuartero J, Bolarìn MC, Asìns MJ, Moreno V (2006) Increasing salt tolerance in the tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 1045–1058.
| Increasing salt tolerance in the tomato.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xis1Glsrc%3D&md5=f313fc7f7139b6a39e243d581000d4a2CAS |
De Pascale S, Maggio A, Fogliano V, Ambrosino P, Ritieni A (2001) Irrigation with saline water improves carotenoids content and antioxidant activity of tomato. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 7, 447–453.
De Pascale S, Martino A, Raimondi G, Maggio A (2007) Comparative analysis of water and salt stress-induced modifications of quality parameters in cherry tomato. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 82, 283–289.
Dumas Y, Dadomo M, Di Lucca G, Grolier P (2003) Effects of environmental factors and agricultural techniques on antioxidant content of tomatoes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 83, 369–382.
| Effects of environmental factors and agricultural techniques on antioxidant content of tomatoes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXivVeks70%3D&md5=a8701a1be8e17a2093f6c1f23a3f1e83CAS |
Ehlert C, Maurel C, Tardieu F, Simonneau T (2009) Aquaporin-mediated reduction in maize root hydraulic conductivity impacts cell turgor and leaf elongation even without changing transpiration. Plant Physiology 150, 1093–1104.
| Aquaporin-mediated reduction in maize root hydraulic conductivity impacts cell turgor and leaf elongation even without changing transpiration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnsleiu78%3D&md5=76026971e3c771bc0ac6b95d6fb00b8aCAS |
Feigin A, Rylski I, Meiri A, Shalevet J (1987) Response of melon and tomato plants to chloride-nitrate ratios in saline nutrient solutions. Journal of Plant Nutrition 10, 1787–1794.
| Response of melon and tomato plants to chloride-nitrate ratios in saline nutrient solutions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXhtFWhtrw%3D&md5=1ae205456906155ac36244628748567aCAS |
Fish WW, Perkins-Veazie P, Collins JK (2002) A quantitative assay for lycopene that utilizes reduced volumes of organic solvents. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 15, 309–317.
| A quantitative assay for lycopene that utilizes reduced volumes of organic solvents.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmtFSiurg%3D&md5=c92742503b0720543861f65b95b289e8CAS |
Fogliano V, Verde V, Randazzo G, Ritieni A (1999) Method for measuring antioxidant activity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant capacity of wines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, 1035–1040.
| Method for measuring antioxidant activity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant capacity of wines.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXht12gsLg%3D&md5=57136a0e24c19bdb29788fb4cc5578c6CAS |
Gao Z, Sagi M, Lips SH (1998) Carbohydrate metabolism in leaves and assimilate partitioning in fruits of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) as affected by salinity. Plant Science 135, 149–159.
| Carbohydrate metabolism in leaves and assimilate partitioning in fruits of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) as affected by salinity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkvFOkur0%3D&md5=554b594524fefacb9704ee4332afd08dCAS |
Gomez KA, Gomez AA (1984) ‘Statistical procedures for agricultural research.’ (John Wiley & Sons: New York)
Grattan SR, Grieve CM (1998) Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae 78, 127–157.
| Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hachicha M, Cheverry C, Mhiri A (2000) The impact of long-term irrigation on changes of ground water level and soil salinity in Northern Tunisia. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 14, 175–182.
| The impact of long-term irrigation on changes of ground water level and soil salinity in Northern Tunisia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Horchani F, Hajri R, Khayati H, Aschi-Smiti S (2010) Physiological responses of tomato plants to the combined effect of root hypoxia and NaCl salinity. Journal of Phytology 2, 36–46.
Hsiao TC (1973) Plant response to water stress. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 24, 519–570.
Kahlaoui B, Hachicha M, Rejeb S, Rejeb MN, Hanchi B, Misle E (2011) Effects of saline water on tomato under subsurface drip irrigation: nutritional and foliar aspects. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 11, 69–86.
Katerji N, van Hoorn JW, Hamdy A, Bouzid N, El-Sayed Mahrous S, Mastrorilli M (1992) Effect of salinity on water stress, growth and yield of broadbeans. Agricultural Water Management 21, 107–117.
| Effect of salinity on water stress, growth and yield of broadbeans.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kemper WD, Rosenau RC (1986) Aggregate stability and size distribution. In ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 1 Physical and mineralogical methods. Agronomy No. 9’. (Ed. A Klute) pp. 425–443. (American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI)
Maas EV, Grattan SR (1999) Crop yields as affected by salinity. In ‘Agricultural Drainage Agronomy Monograph No. 38’. (Eds RW Skaggs, J van Schilfgaarde) pp. 55–108 (American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI)
Maggio A, Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Consiglio MF, Joly RJ (2001) Unravelling the functional relationship between root anatomy and stress tolerance. Functional Plant Biology 28, 999–1004.
| Unravelling the functional relationship between root anatomy and stress tolerance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Maggio A, De Pascale S, Angelino G, Ruggiero C, Barbieri G (2004) Physiological response of tomato to saline irrigation in long-term salinized soil. European Journal of Agronomy 21, 149–159.
| Physiological response of tomato to saline irrigation in long-term salinized soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Maggio A, Raimondi G, Martino A, De Pascale S (2007) Salt stress response in tomato beyond the salinity tolerance threshold. Environmental and Experimental Botany 59, 276–282.
| Salt stress response in tomato beyond the salinity tolerance threshold.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXntlChuw%3D%3D&md5=2876f6a607000722dd947d0cd7332d51CAS |
Munns R, Tester M (2008) Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 59, 651–681.
Orsini F, Cascone P, De Pascale S, Barbieri G, Corrado G, Rao R, Maggio A (2010) Systemin-dependent salinity tolerance in tomato: evidence of specific convergence of abiotic and biotic stress responses. Physiologia Plantarum 138, 10–21.
| Systemin-dependent salinity tolerance in tomato: evidence of specific convergence of abiotic and biotic stress responses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXis12msQ%3D%3D&md5=c3dc18e5ff0ed425e301d64fade3432dCAS |
Pellegrini N, Re R, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999) Screening of dietary carotenoids-rich fruit extracts for antioxidant activities applying 2,2′ azinobis (3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay. Methods in Enzymology 299, 379–389.
| Screening of dietary carotenoids-rich fruit extracts for antioxidant activities applying 2,2′ azinobis (3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXpsFGm&md5=46622ca8e45277b58bab38d3f00a5390CAS |
Pérez-Alfoces E, Balibrea ME, Santa Cruz A, Estañ MT (1996) Agronomical and physiological characterization of salinity tolerance in a commercial tomato hybrid. Plant and Soil 180, 251–257.
| Agronomical and physiological characterization of salinity tolerance in a commercial tomato hybrid.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Petersen KK, Willumsen J, Kaack K (1998) Composition and taste of tomatoes as affected by increased salinity and different salinity sources. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 73, 205–215.
Plaut Z, Grava A, Yehezkel C, Matan E (2004) How do salinity and water stress affect transport of water, assimilates and ions to tomato fruits? Physiologia Plantarum 122, 429–442.
| How do salinity and water stress affect transport of water, assimilates and ions to tomato fruits?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFeltA%3D%3D&md5=32fa34034ff00e0b70fd2a89468d8df1CAS |
Rahnama A, Munns R, Poustini K, Watt M (2011) A screening method to identify genetic variation in root growth response to a salinity gradient. Journal of Experimental Botany 62, 69–77.
| A screening method to identify genetic variation in root growth response to a salinity gradient.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFamurfP&md5=0df4cda7509346e42d3e702b546d831eCAS |
Rengasamy P (2002) Transient salinity and subsoil constraints to dryland farming in Australian sodic soils: an overview. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, 351–361.
| Transient salinity and subsoil constraints to dryland farming in Australian sodic soils: an overview.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rengasamy P (2010) Soil processes affecting crop production in salt-affected soils. Functional Plant Biology 37, 613–620.
| Soil processes affecting crop production in salt-affected soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rhoades JD, Kandiah A, Mashali AM (1992) The use of saline waters for crop production. Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 48. FAO, Rome.
Romero-Aranda R, Soria T, Cuartero J (2001) Tomato plant-water uptake and plant-water relationships under saline growth conditions. Plant Science 160, 265–272.
| Tomato plant-water uptake and plant-water relationships under saline growth conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsVeksA%3D%3D&md5=4331d67c7779d2416fe99e1cfbc765d0CAS |
Rozema J, Flowers TJ (2008) Crops for a salinized world. Science 322, 1478–1480.
| Crops for a salinized world.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsFSisr%2FM&md5=7ad5878688db22437550e86a59cff6faCAS |
Sah RN (1994) Nitrate-nitrogen determination – a critical review. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25, 2841–2869.
| Nitrate-nitrogen determination – a critical review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sakamoto Y, Watanabe S, Akashima T, Okano K (1999) Effect of salinity at two ripening stages on the fruit quality of single-truss tomato grown in hydroponics. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 74, 690–693.
Sojka RE (1992) Stomatal closure in oxygen-stressed plants. Soil Science 154, 269–280.
| Stomatal closure in oxygen-stressed plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Walinga I, van der Lee JJ, Houba VJG, van Vark W, Novazamsky I (1995) ‘Plant analysis manual.’ (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands)
Willumsen J, Petersen KK, Kaack K (1996) Yield and blossom-end rot of tomato as affected by salinity and cation activity ratios in the root zone. Journal of Horticultural Science 71, 81–98.
Xu HL, Gauthier L, Gosselin A (1995) Effect of fertigation management on growth and photosynthesis of tomato plants grown in peat, rockwool and NFT. Scientia Horticulturae 63, 11–20.
| Effect of fertigation management on growth and photosynthesis of tomato plants grown in peat, rockwool and NFT.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
